The 1895 Chrysanthemums. 267 



of a tubular form. This theory is well illustrated by florets 13 to 

 6. In ^o. 9, half of the floret shows the tubular origin, and 

 half is ligulate. Whether the opposite tendency for ligulate to 

 produce tubular forms exists, is a question. Possibly Nos. 7, 15 

 and 16 might be regarded as transitional forms from the ligulate 

 to the tubular. It is often important to distinguish whether a 

 floret is ligulate or whether the margins are incurved. For ex- 

 ample, single, intense, vivid colors are probably best displayed 

 by a ligulate floret. Crimsona (No. 6) is a case in point. The 

 •color of Miss Helyett is a similar shade, but the general effect is 

 ruined (for some at least) by a distracting element: the margins 

 of the florets are turned in so much that florists would say, " it 

 shows the under side." 



Various types of chrysanthemum florets are shown, natural 

 size, in Fig. 88. No. 1 is a ligulate floret which was incurved in 

 the bloom; No. 2 stood reflexed in the flower, margins revolute; 

 No. 3, floret doubly curved, is cupped at base and top and high 

 in the middle; No. 4, incurved as it stood in the flower, hairy- 

 tipped, cupped, but the character not showing well in the cut 

 (Mrs. Higinbotham) ; No. 5, incurved in the flower, hooded and 

 hairy-tipped; No. 6, ligulate floret (Crimsona); No. 7, tubular 

 below, broadly ligulate above, the margin incurved; No. 8, 

 greater part of the floret tubular ; No. 9, to be compared with No. 

 7; No. 10, a partially tubular floret, with very slender base and 

 strongly involute blade; No. 11, quilled floret; No. 12, tubular, 

 straight (lora); No. 13, tubular and curved or hooked, the apex 

 cut or laciniate (Mrs. R. W. E. Murray); No. 14, deeply cut or 

 laciniate (Mrs. W. H. Rand) ; No. 15, broad at base, twisted above 

 <Ezeta) ; No. 16, floret twisted throughout (Shavings). 



Color proUems (ilfr. Miller). — In consulting catalogues of chrys- 

 anthemums for the purpose of verifying new varieties, some very 

 perplexing color problems were encountered. Much of this con- 

 fusion can never be straightened out, because color is a sub- 

 jective phenomenon. It exists in the minds of men, rather than 

 in nature. But there are certain practical suggestions which can 

 be made to flower dealers, and it is to be hoped that some general 

 principles can be educed. Cataloguers of new varieties should 

 not attempt to make very fine and subtle distinctions, nor should 



