Fruit Brevities. 451 



ground. Bushes which we have grown from ]S"ebraska and Mani- 

 toba seeds were w^holly uninjured and are now laden with fruit. 

 The third type is the Utah Hybrid cherry, which wholly escaped 

 injury and which is now bearing a very heavy crop of fruit. 

 This cherry is a hybrid of Pruniis Besseyi and Prunus Watsoni. 

 The latter is the sand plum of Nebraska. A small bush of it, 

 growing with the above cherries, was practically uninjured. 



Nuts. — Spanish and Japanese chestnuts were set in the spring 

 of 1889, in a protected location. They were from a northern nur- 

 sery. The Spanish have been killed back by every winter, 

 sprouting out from the trunk or the crown each year. Last win- 

 ter they were killed to the ground. 



The Japanese chestnuts have stood fairly well, although they 

 are not fully hardy. The trees are now only eight feet high, 

 however, because of the killing back of the leading shoots nearly 

 every winter. They are well branched and broad-headed, but 

 look as if they would alw^ays be weak and poor trees. 



The European or English walnut rarely escapes winter injury 

 at Cornell. Last winter the branches froze back a foot or two. 



The filbert (variety known as Prolific Cob) lost all its fruit buds 

 and male catkins, and the young growth froze back severely. 



The Japanese w^aluut {Juglans Sieholdiana) passed the winter 

 without injury and is now in full bloom. 



* 



VIII. CRIMSON CLOVER IN ORCHARDS. 



The experience with crimson clover in w^estern New York is 

 now sufficient to show that it is capable of enduring the winter 

 under favorable conditions, but that the failures are quite as 

 numerous as the successes. It is probable that we have not yet 

 learned just how to grow it. Yet even now, there appears to be 

 as uniform success wdth crimson clover sown in July and August 

 as there is with the common red and mammoth clovers sown at 

 the same time. 



There are certain misapprehensions respecting crimson clover 

 which I desire to correct. In the first place, we recommend it 

 only for orchards, not as a forage or hay crop. The common 



