1112 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



KKSISTAXr PoVVrCKS (II' WOCID SHOWN 



A feature of the Forest Service exhibit at the Panama-Pacific K-xjiosition which was of great service and 

 interest to users of wood for various purposes. 



SpfciniL-ns and descriptions of iniiiortant rans,a- plants 

 growing on the National Forests and some of the most 

 important poisonous grasses from which the Forest Serv- 

 ice is trying to protect hvestock, were displayed in show 

 cases, above which were shown photographic enlarge- 



regularly as clear water. Water 

 fell on the forested hill daily 

 since the opening of the Exposi- 

 tion and no soil had to be re- 

 placed. The stream on this side 

 of the model and the lake below 

 were filled with clear water. 

 Farm land below the forested 

 slope was in good condition ; be- 

 low the deforested hill the river 

 had o\errun its banks, flooded 

 the farm land and left deposited 

 ujjon it the infertile clay of the 

 hills. 



I'laced between this model and 

 the large central model of the 

 idealized Xational Forest was a 

 relief ma]i of a complete water- 

 shed on the Chelan National 

 Forest. Washington, which 

 showed a typical watershed pro- 

 tected by forested slopes. 



Three great windows in the 

 rear of the exhibit were covered, 

 up to ten feet in height, with 

 sixty-three large colored trans- 

 parencies showing forest types 

 in different parts of the United 

 States and abroad, forested and 

 cleforestetl watersheds and the erosion due to deforesta- 

 tion in this country anil in China, \arious important 

 acti\ities on the National Forests, picturesque scenery 

 and recreation sites on the National Forests, types of 

 National Forest Land in different parts of the country. 



ments of livestock grazing on the National Forests and uses to which the National Forests are put, roads, trails, 



bridges, telephone lines and other permanent improve- 

 ments on the National Forests, wind breaks of trees and 

 their benefit to crops. 



( )n the wall spaces between windows were a relief ma[) 

 and two charts. The relief map is on the curvature of 

 the earth, gave the locations and names of all the National 

 Forests, and showed that they are situated along the 

 moinitain ranges where they protect the headwaters of 

 streams rising in these mountains, as well as assure the 



of \-arious improvements being introduced by the Service 

 for the benefit of the livestock industr)-, such as the 

 development of water holes, the building of tlrift fences 

 and experiments in grazing sheep in coyote-proof pas- 

 tures. Next w.as a mounted group of a coyote killing a 

 lamb. The label for the group stated that livestock own- 

 ers lose about $1."), 000. 000 from predatory animals ;i 

 year, that o\er four thousand of these animals are killeil 

 every year on the National Forests and that the Cio\- 

 ernment has this year appropriated $1^5,000 for their future timber sujiply. .\bove this map was a list of the 



destruction on the National Forests. 



C)ne of the most popular exhil)its was a working 

 trosion model six feet square, which showed some of the 

 effects of deforestatii in on stream flow and surface for- 

 mation. Two hills of the ordinary clay were built up on 

 the rear of the model. (Jne of the hills was covered witli 

 moss and foliage to represent a forest or brush co\er ami 

 the humus soil beneath it; the other hill was bare of 

 vegetation. A sprinkler arrangement sent down a shower 

 of water in the form rif r.'iin on liuth slopes. The water 

 flowing on the bare slojie rnshefl oft the surface imme- 

 diately, carrying soil with it. and depositing it in the 

 stream Ijed and the Like at the front of the model. The 

 water flowing on tlie protcftrd hill was ab^orlied li\' the 

 natur.d reserxoir which the forest affords and seeps oul 



import.mt uses to which these National Forests were 

 put by the ])ublic in 1!>].1. These uses were as follows: 

 (;•,'(;. :!0(L000 board feet of timber cut by purchasers, 

 1 ■.'((..".; .'i. 000 lioard feet cut by settlers and others free of 

 cost. !).S;)8,S(;:3 head of livestock grazed. ■^'(i(l,7!i; horse- 

 jiower available at water-power ])lants, KLTIU) permits in 

 force for other special uses of land, l.."i00.000 recreation 

 seekers \'isited the forests, l.'^JOO municipal water supplies 

 protected. $,s:i8,0S0 of receijits made available for local 

 schools and roads, 1(! 1,000.000 acres of land .ulministered 

 to protect irrigation and n.ivigable streams fed from the 

 forests of the ^^'est. The third chart showed that only 

 ( ne-fifth of the timbered area in the Ihiited States is 

 held in ( "i(i\ ernment ownershiji and properly protected. 

 That .\laska is not a li.irren and treeless waste was 



