1030 



AMERICAN FORESTRY' 



for fruit, flour, cement, lime and 

 almost innumerable other dry or 

 partly dry commodities are 

 known as slack cooperage. 

 .Maple is not used in tight coop- 

 erage, but in the other kind it 

 ranks fifth in quantity amung 

 .\mericati woods. Those de- 

 manded in larger amounts are 

 red .gum. pine, beech and elm. 

 The output of maple staves per 

 year, according to latest obtain- 

 able figures, exceeds 133.0(10,000. 



The average value of maple 

 >taves per thousand is $5.4:2. 

 Staves of all sizes and (|ualities 

 are included in the average. 



Heading and hoops constitute 

 part of the stave industrv. 

 .Maple supplies 13,(133,000 sets 

 of heading a year, at an aver- 

 age value of $41.50 per thou- 

 sand sets. Two-thirds of all 



LOADIN'G LOGS ON GO.NDOLAS 



The "flying maclnne" is getting in its best work here. Though h.irij 

 ni.iplc ranks among the heaviest woods, the logs are hanilled ;is if thev 

 were as light as broom handles. 



DRVIN-Q M.\PLE LU.MBEK BY E.\D-ST.\CKING 



The virtue of this method of stacking lumber lies in the belter air circulation which it aflfords. The 

 popular notion that the water drains lengthwise out of boards so stacked is erroneous. Little, if any. 

 passes out by drainage. 



maple heading comes from ^lichigan, and Pennsylvania 

 fdllows. The yearly contribution by maple to the coun- 

 try's hoop supply amounts to 731,000 valued at $3.76 

 l)er thousand. Most of the maple hoops are made in 

 Maine. Elm is the leading hoop wood and the output 

 i)f this species exceeds maple's fortv fold. 



VENEKRS .\ND L)ISTILL.^TIO^• 



Maple ranks third as a producer of veneer, with a 

 \ early output of 35.444,000 feet, log scale. The species 

 above it are red gum. with 129,930,000 feet, and yellow 

 pine, with 48,143,000 feet. Cottonwood and yellow pop- 

 1,1 r. respectively, are next below. The average cost at 

 the mill of maple veneer is $15.45 per thousand feet, log 

 scale. The leading states in maple veneer production are 

 Michigan, 15. .350,000 feet a year; New York, 7,658,000; 

 Indiana, 3,051,000; \'ermont, 2,682,000; 'Wisconsin, 

 ■.',3;ii;,000. and Pennsylvania. 1.093,000. Practically all of 

 the majile veneer made in the United States is con- 

 sumed by the industries described in preceding para- 

 .grajihs. 



Mai)le is, without question, the leading wood in hard- 

 wood distillation in this country; but precise figures to 

 show this cannot be quoted, because beech, birch and 

 r.iaple are listed without distinction. The three consti- 

 tute 94 per cent of all hardwoods going to distillation 

 plants. The wood is distilled by being passed through 

 kilns or retorts, where sufficient heat is present to break 

 down the structure of the wood. The chief commercial 

 products are charcoal, wood alcohol and gray acetate. 

 Michigan leads with a yearly consumption of 457,362 

 cords of wood, which costs on an average of $3.03 a 

 cord, l^ennsylvania follows with 368,126 cords at an 

 ;ivera,ge cost of $3.68, and New York ranks third with 

 l.lli.Oll cords, costing $3.62. The value of the total 

 product is pl;iced at $7,641,690 a vear. 



