40 TRANSACTIONS OF THE ILLINOIS 



3A. Pruning and cleaning. 



\d. Cut off the small branches and twigs affected, or having 

 eggs on them, and burn them \ also burn other trim- 

 mings. 



2d. Dislodge and destroy. 

 \a. By jarring. 

 2a. By gathering. 



3^/. Pick off and destroy, especially durhig the winter, 

 cocoons, pupae, etc. 



^d. Rub the trunks and larger branches occasionally with soap 

 or other substance obnoxious to the borers, etc. 



5^/. Scrape the bark and rub with a rough brush. 



4.-\. Gathering and preserving the fruit. 



\e. Gather and destroy or feed to stock all the fruit that drops 



to the ground before maturity ; or that will fall before 



ripe with moderate jarring. 

 26. Where this can not be done, turn hogs or sheep into the 



orchard, and allow them to eat the fallen fruit. 

 y. Watch for and destroy the perfect insects which escape 



after the fruit is housed, especially the Codling-moths. 



II. OTHER GENERAL REMEDIES. 



1 . Protect and multiply insect-eating birds. 



2. Encourage the raising of domestic fowls. 



3. Teach children to distinguish the injurious species, and employ 



them in gathering them and trapping them. 



4. Encourage the rearing and transportation of parasitic species. 



III. SPECIAL REMEDIES. 



Conclusion. — 1 presume some one is saying, this is all very good so 

 far as it goes, but you have failed to tell us the most essential part of it : 

 How to put it into practice ? This, I am aware, is the most troublesome 

 factor you have to contend with in working out the great problem of 

 horticultural perfection ; and I confess I do not feel so sanguine in re- 

 gard to it, as I do in reference to the theoretical or talking part of the 

 work. Yet, I think it is possible to do something in this direction ; and 

 moreover, it is certain there can be no co-operation until a plan is 

 proposed by some such body as your Society. Will you agree that your 

 Society has existed for nineteen years, without bringing your science or 

 art, whichever you may call it, nearer to perfection in Illinois, than it 

 was when you first organized ? Surely not. Otherwise, your time and 

 means spent in connection therewith has been thrown away. Why, then, 

 despair of doing any thing in this direction ? Although there is much 

 yet to be ascertained in reference to our most common injurious species, 

 yet enough is already known to afford sufficient data to, at least, begin 

 this generalization, if it will ever be po.ssible. What then, can you, as 

 a Society, do in this direction? 



