STATE IlOKTICLLTURAL SOCIETY. 12:! 



This canker-worm has taken up, first and last, a great deal of our 

 time in these meetings. I think there are two species of canker-worm: 

 one that lays its eggs early in the spring, and one that lays its eggs in the 

 fall. Late fall plowing will destroy the one, but not the other. The 

 spring canker-worm is the more troublesome in our orchards, for it feeds 

 upon the apple only ; the other feeds upon the elm and other trees, 

 preferring them to the apple. 



The President — Our reports discuss these matters fully, and, for 

 this reason, I recommend that some means be adopted to give them a 

 wider distribution. 1 do not know what course to pursue in this matter, 

 but certainly, if they are sufficiently important to be furnished by the 

 State, they are of sufficient importance to have wide distribution. 



Dr. Long — The plowing remedy is sure. I promulgated it years 

 ago, my attention having been drawn to it when I was a boy. My 

 father's orchard was destroyed by the canker-worm, and, in despair, he 

 turned in his hogs, and they plowed up the ground. The result was the 

 destruction of the worm. I took the hint from this, and have since that 

 time practiced a more systematic plowing, and, I know, with good 

 results. 



Mr. Huggins (of Macoupin county) — I will say, my neighbor across 

 the road from me had his orchard defoliated by this worm, and his 

 remedy was plowing in the fall and hogs in the spring ; the worms 

 disappeared. They have never troubled me, and, I may say, I do not 

 fear them, as my practice is to plow — not all the orchard at once, but a 

 part of it each year. I understand that English sparrows destroy this 

 insect, and I want to ask Dr. Warder if these birds, if introduced, would 

 not be a help, or will they be the greater evil by driving away other 

 birds? 



Mr. Huggins also expressed a doubt that there were two kinds of 

 canker-worms. 



Dr. Warder — This question has two sides, and the answer to be 

 given is not satisfactory. Mr. Riley has recently published a paper in 

 which he declares that there are two species of canker-worms — the spring 

 and the fall species; they are even two genera, they are so different. 



Dr. Long — Mine is the spring canker-worm. 



Dr. Warder — In regard to the sparrows and canker-worms, I may 

 say that where the sparrows abound the canker-worms do not. 



Mk. RoBisoN — I doubt the efficiency of the plowing remedy, for I 

 find the pupiv in the ground ciglu inches deep, wherr plowing will not 



