!»TATr HORTiriT.TIRAL SOriKTT. 151 



manifestation of their presence and power. So in all possible storms 

 these two modes of force always appear and manifest their power in one 

 way or another — not apart, but simultaneously and together. Indeed, it 

 is doubtful if any motion, or any change whatever, can ever take place in 

 nature without them, either in manifest or unappreciable degrees. For 

 myself, I have long been inclined to think that that mode of force which 

 we call heat is mainly manifested and efficient in determining the 

 general onward course of all winds, storms, cyclones, and tornadoes, 

 while that mode which we designate as electricity is mainly manifest and 

 efficient in all the interior motions, whirls, condensations, and terrific 

 manifestations of local power in these phenomena ; while still the gen- 

 eral course of their line of advance is determined by the more genial and 

 gentle action of heat along the line of the general surface currents towards 

 the equator, or the higher return current toward the poles, or borne by some 

 local whirl or eddy produced by the nievitable impulses of these two con- 

 stant currents. Indeed, it is a fair question whether these necessary and 

 continued impulses and eddies of these regular currents do not in all cases 

 first set the electric forces at work; or better still, whether there is or can 

 be anywhere more than one and the same force, acting under different 

 conditions, and in different ways, and pro'ducing different manifestations, 

 somewhat like the force of the axe which chops wood one minute and 

 splits it the next ; or like the force of the steam engine, which leaves the 

 train still one minute, runs it forward the next, and backward the next, 

 thus producing different phenomena, though but one and the same force; 

 or as the same force of heat, producing all its infinitely varied phe- 

 nomena. 



Professor Tice's inquiries and suggestions on these topics are exceed- 

 ingly interesting and valuable, but they can never be received by our 

 modern scientists so long as they adhere to their old theories of force, 

 heat, light, and electricity, no more than our American doctrines of tol- 

 eration can be logically received by the true adherents to the papal sylla- 

 bu.s — the one necessarily destroys the other. His fundamental idea of 

 these storm-producing forces seems to be that they result from the natural 

 and necessary action and reaction of the planetary masses or spheres 

 upon each other, precisely in the same manner as gravity is now supposed 

 to be the simple action and reaction of two or more masses of matter 

 upon each other, and can have no existence where such opposite masses 

 of matter do not exist. 



So those other modes of force called light, heat or electricity, or 

 what not, on this theory have no existence except as they are pro- 

 duced, or excited, or set in action on the surface and surroundings of 

 the planets themselves by their mutual, reciprocal, and exactly propor- 

 tional action and reaction ("as in the case of gravity) upon each other; 

 and though I am not aware that Professor Tice anywhere states this 

 theory, he must admit it before his teachings, or indeed any other teach- 

 ings based simply on facts, can l)c received. 



The old theory of the books and schools is based wholly on the idea 

 — the perfectly bald assumption — that the light and heat of the sun and 



