STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 101 



general color is brownish yellow, the wings being marked with two dusky 

 or smoky patches on each. Length of the body about half an inch, of 

 the ovipositor scarcely a third of an inch. When ants can penetrate into 

 the burrows of the borers and reach them, they usually succeed in destroy- 

 ing them. 



Although the flat-lieaded borer appears to select the apple, yet 

 its operations are by no means confined to it, as in its native state it 

 appears to select the oak, especially the white oak; it also attacks box 

 cider, mountain ash, peach, pear, plum, beach, cherry, soft maple and 

 hickory. 



Remedies. — As it has been shown quite satisfactorily that, as a rule, 

 this borer attacks first those trees which have their health in some way 

 impaired, it follows as a natural consequence that keeping the trees in a 

 healthy condition is one of the best methods of preventing its attacks. 

 Trees which are wounded, unduly pruned, and those which are trans- 

 planted when above the proper age, are more liable to the attacks of this 

 borer than those which do not suffer a loss of vitality in this way. 



An excellent preventive is coating the trunks and large limbs with 

 soap, in the latter part of spring, and again in the middle of the summer ; 

 as it is not only obnoxious to the female beetle, but as it gradually runs 

 down to the roots in the form of soap suds, it nourishes the tree, and per- 

 haps does asmuch good in this way as any other. Whitewashing ; paint- 

 ing with a mixture of soap, lime and Paris-green ; applications of kero- 

 sene and axle grease; applications of coal tar; injecting various pungent 

 liquids into the burrows; plugging in camphor; running in wires ; cut- 

 ting out with a knife, etc., form some of the various remedies which have 

 been used against this troublesome insect. 



Let the trees be properly cultivated and carefully pruned when neces- 

 sary ; let lime or ashes be mixed with the mulch next the trunk ; in other 

 words, follow that course which will give healthy, vigorous trees, with 

 natural, smooth bark. If a tree commences to decay or decline, and is 

 attacked by the borer, it should be cut down and burned as fuel. 



Spec. Char. Imago. — A dark, dull, greenish color, with a strong coppery lustre, 

 deepest on the forehead and tips of the elytra. The head immersed in the thorax to the 

 eyes; the obtuse front is clothed with fine whitish hairs, and is furnished with a pit or 

 depression for the insertion of the antenna; ; on the top of the head is a short, smooth, 

 raised hlack line. The thorax is wider than it is long, its length being about equal to 

 the width of the head ; it is convex, and has a slight longitudinal indentation in the 

 middle ; is punctured, and somewhat uneven. The elytra are broader than the thorax; 

 the sides are parallel a little more tlian half their length ; from thence they taper backward 

 to the tip ; on each wing-ca'se are two irregular, oblong, impressed, transverse spots, which 

 are generally of a deeper green or copper color than the surrounding surface ; these some- 

 times appear double. The whole upper surface of the insect appears as if it had been 

 sprinkled with an ash colored powder. The underside and legs are a bright copper or 

 bronze color. 



Length about half an inch, but there is considerable variation in size, which has 

 given rise to a number of specific names for what are now supposed to be only varieties 

 of this species, of which "Mr. Crotch, in his "Check List" enumerates the following: 

 C. alal>a/>i(C,{jory; C. 4-i//i/>ressa, Gory ; C. Ldsueuii, Gory ; C. soror,he C.; C. wesilla, 

 Le C; C. fastidiosa. Gory; C. obscura, Le C; and C. seniiscitlpta, Le C. 



