208 TRANSACTIONS OP THE ILLINOIS 



Spec. Char. Imago. — Entirely black, or black with brown elytra. The head is 

 depressed above, and marked with abbreviated longitudinal lines ; deeply inserted into 

 the thorax ; surrounded with a coronet of long, incurved, yellowish hairs on the margin. 

 Antenna; pale reddish. Thorax nearly or quite as wide as the elytra, sub-quadrate in 

 form, somewhat rounded in front ; the length, which exceeds the width, is almost eijual 

 to that of the elytra; punctured dimly on the disk, but more distinctly on the sides. 

 Elytra with about ten strise, irregular on the sides, but regular above, composed of small 

 deep punctures ; inter-spaces, with a few minute indistinct punctures. Venter obliquely 

 truncated, black, opaque, and with four conic-acute spines, placed three on one segment 

 and one on the following, though sometimes some are found on the segments in front of 

 the one with three. 



Length varies from about one-sixth to one-fifth of an inch ; the width equals about 

 one-half the length. 



Family Cerambycid.^. (Long-horned Wood-boorers.) 



As I have time to mention but one species of this family, which con- 

 tains quite a number of injurious species, the reader is referred to Dr. 

 Le Baron's Fourth Report for a description of the family characters. 



Saperda Candida or bivittata. The Round-headed Apple-tree Borer. 



This species is easily recognized by the following characters ; It is 

 long, and narrow ; the length varying from about three-fifths to three- 

 fourths of an inch, the width across the shoulders being about one-fourth 

 the length ; the antennae are nearly as long as the body, slender, and 

 tapering ; there are two very distinct white stripes running from the head 

 to the tips of the wing-cases, between three rather broader cinnatnon brown 

 stripes. These stripes are so distinct and well marked that they are suffi- 

 cient of themselves to distinguish the species. 



It makes its appearance in the beetle state in May and June, but as it 

 remains quiet and hid during the day, and flies only at night, it is seldom 

 seen except by those who search for it. During the month of June, or 

 first part of July, according to latitude, the female deposits her eggs, one 

 in a place, upon the bark of the tree, low down on the trunk or near the 

 ground. 



In about a fortnight, from each of these eggs is hatched a minute 

 footless grub, of a whitish color, with a yellowish head, which eats its 

 way directly downwards in the bark. For the first year of their lives 

 they live upon the inner bark and sap wood, forming flat, shallow cavi- 

 ties, which are filled with their sawdust-like castings. Although their opera- 

 tions vary somewhat, yet, as a general rule, on the approach of winter it de- 

 scends toward the ground, and probably remains inactive until the follow- 

 ing spring, when it commences to cut a cylindrical passage upward in the 

 solid wood. The latter burrow or hole runs slightly inwards, towards the 

 centre of the tree, and then outwards, terminating at the bark. Having 

 done this, it stuffs the upper end of its burrow with the sawdust-like 

 castings, and the lower part with small woody fibres, after which it rests 

 from its labors and enters the pupa state. According to Dr. Fitch, it 

 remains in the tree two years from the time it is hatched ; but according 

 to Prof. Riley, three years. 



