TRANSACTIONS OF WARSAW HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 251 



The President called on Mr. Grover for an essay on " Orchards," to 

 which he responded, treating on orchards, their culture, treatment and 

 adaptation. He reduced the varieties for commercial orchards down to 

 four : Maiden's Blush, Ben Davis, Winesap and Rawle's Janet. The 

 essay has not been furnished us for publication. 



J. S. Johnson spoke of some kinds of trees being subject to sun -scald 

 more than others. Winesap was mentioned. The leaning of the trees 

 was the cause. Several said that the flat-headed borer never got into a 

 tree till sun-scald invited him. 



Mr. Grover believed in keeping trees healthy and vigorous ; should 

 be cultivated carefully for four or five years. 



Mr. Piggott said hard-pan in the subsoil had much to do with 

 unhealthy trees. Grass was poor on such soil, but trees were more or less 

 affected by the extremes of the late winters. 



Other remarks on the root-killing elicited the following from Mr. 

 Brown, a practical nursery-man : That one-year old trees were about all 

 killed ; two-years, one in t\^enty might grow, and of the three-year old 

 one-fourth would live. He narrated his experience with root-killing of 

 young trees the past winter. The extreme dryness of the ground, and 

 absence of moisture from the atmosphere, connected with the peculiar 

 conditions of the winter, seemed to be the causes, and yet in the same 

 rows, or an adjoining row, some trees were uninjured, apparently, while 

 others were dead in the roots, the tops invariably being uninjured ; in 

 depressions in the ground the trees were less injured. 



Mr. Gregg said the nursery-man had done what he thought was 

 right ; he had not shrunk from making known that his stock was mostly 

 killed, while others were claiming to be all right. The injury was not 

 realized at first. He mentioned a load of trees from a distance on the 

 way to Missouri that were all dead, but the fact was not discovered till 

 they got to Hamilton. 



W. N. Grover — Is it the best policy to wait for a new quantity ot 

 trees for future planting, or plant the injured ones? 



The President and Messrs. Taylor, Piggott . and Grover 

 expressed the opinion that it is a wiser course to wait for trees to grow, 

 rather than plant those now in nurseries. 



The injury to orchard trees was spoken of by members generally as 

 in many instances more or less effected by the extremes of the past few 

 years. 



It was conceded that there was, in the spring, ninety per cent, of 

 the average apple blossom, and the fruit set moderately well ; but "Oh ! 



