Malayan Peninsula and Islands. 9 



each eye ; neck, limbs and posterior margin of the shell dark olive 

 with paler round spots ; shell olive with black irregular lines, and 4 

 or 5 central ocelli, black in the centre, edged with red, round which a 

 black ring; sternum pale whitish-olive. 



Testudo hurum, B. Ham, MSS. is the transition state of the 

 former, being about changing the livery. Head yellow olive, with 

 irregular dark lines ; shell light olive, vermiculated with blackish or 

 dark olive. The four ocelli are present, but are altered in colours and 

 shape : the centre, instead of being black, is like the rest of the sur- 

 face, light olive, vermiculated with black ; the red ring is changed to 

 black, and the outer black one to light olive. The shape is changed 

 from round to irregular oval. 



Adult. {Testudo chim, B. Ham. MSS.) Dark olive-green, vermicu- 

 lated, and spotted with light olive brown. Beneath greenish white. 



Habit. — Malayan Peninsula, Pinang {Rivers and Sea-coast.) 

 Rivers and Bay of Bengal. 

 It is of fierce habits, desperately defending itself by biting, emit- 

 ting when excited a low, hoarse, cackling sound. At Pinang the present 

 species appears to be far less numerous than the two following. The 

 largest individual was of the following dimensions : 



Length of the head, feet 4 inch. 



Ditto ditto neck, 4| 



Ditto ditto shell, 1 1 1 



Ditto ditto tail, 5 



Gym n opus cartilaginea, (Boddaert.) 



Syn. — Young. 



Testudo cartilaginea, Boddaert. 



Testudo boddaertii, Schneider. 



Testudo rostrata, Thunberg ? 



Testudo rostrata, apud Schoepff, and Daudin ? 



Trionyx stellatus, Geoffroy. 



Trionyx stellatus, apud Merrem. 



Aspidonectes javanicus, Wagler. 



Adult. 



Trionyx javanicus, Geoffroy. 



Trionyx javanicus, apud Schweigger and Gray. 



Gvmnopus javanicus, Dumeril and Bibron. 



Tyrse javanica, Gray : Catal. 



Very Young. — Above olive green ; the head and upper part of the 

 neck with numerous small white spots, becoming larger and more 



