i$t 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. 



[August i, 1884. 



2. Ngiatoe Soman, Borneo ; 



Getah njato doerian, Borneo ; 



Balam Soesoeu of Padang ; 



Balam dbferian of Soepaijang ; 



Kajoe balam of Solok ; 



Balam tembago of Bonjol ; 



Balam tembago of Soengei Pagoe aiul 12 Ivottas ; 



Gutta of Riouw ; 

 are in like manner the same product under different names. 

 I should be inclined to add to these the Balam laoet and 

 Balam darat, both of Soengei Pagoe and 12 Kottas, did it 

 not appear from the information furnished to us by the 

 Controleur Van tier Ploeg that they differ in the color of 

 the blossom. The varieties of gutta mentioned under 3-7 

 have also a common Origin. 



3. Njato doerian of Sumatra similar to Njato doerian 

 of Sambas (Borneo) and different from the same name 

 mentioned under 2. 



4. Balam of Palenibaug ; 



Kajoe balam tembago of Battling Baros ; and 

 (ictah balam tenbago of Loeboe Along. 

 a. Getah njati of Borneo similar to Balam Sonte' of 

 Palembang 1st sor,t. 



6. Getah Balam of Palembang similar to Balam troeng 

 of Palembang. 



7. Balam tembago of Priaman ; 



I/soiutnilra yuUa Hk. fn.in the Botanic Garden (not 

 similar to the actual J. Gutta Hk. or Dichopsis Gutta 

 Benth.) ; 



Getah tuban-inera (according to Beauvisage) ; 



Balam abang of Palembang, 

 and most probably all the same as those described by Prof. 

 De Vriese as Isonandra Gutta var. oblon.yi folia deVr. of 

 Borneo and Isonandra Gutta oar. Siimalrana Miq. of 

 Sumatra. Probably also : — , 



Getah taban of the Straits ; 



Getah tubau of the. Straits ; 



Getah merah No. 1 of the Straits ; 



Ngiatoe merah and Ngiatoe To-oeu of S. B. Borneo. 



8. Balam tanibaga of Soepayang. 



The varieties of gubtaperehahere detailed under 1-8 are, 

 so far as can at the moment be said with any certainty, 

 tho product of eight different plants. In live of the eight we 

 meet with the name of Tembago or tembaya, all coming 

 from Sumatra. 



The name Dnerian also appears to be given to various 

 plants ; the two that bear this mime in Sumatra are not 

 similar. The njatoe-doerian of Borneo on the other hand 

 is similar to one of the njato-doerians of Sumatra. 



In the list of Hr. Ten Brummeler among the commerci- 

 al varieties of Sumatra several are met with under the 

 name Getah Balam (see Nos. 33. 34, 38, 54, 55, 59, HO, 75, 

 7(i); others under the name of Balam Baringin (Nos. '.17, 

 101, KG, 111, 112, 114, 115) or Getah BariDgin (No. 87) or 

 Balam wariugin (No. .|U), Ac., tic; it is evident from the 

 above example that one can have no certainty that what 

 comes into the market as Getah Balam of Sumatra is al- 

 ways the product of the same tree. 



When therefore a merchant one year obtains from 

 Sumatra a Getah Balam which appears to bun to be of 

 superior quality, it niu,st not be ascribed directly to adulter- 

 ation, if the gutt t which he receives later on uuder the 

 same name from Sumatra appears to be of a far inferior 

 quality. 



The above notice of various names for the same product 

 teaches us at the same time how little we must rely upon 

 the evidence of commercial value for a judgment of the 

 quality of a variety of gutta. I shall only choose as an 

 example the product that is also best known bolauicaUy : 

 the guttapercha derived from Ktratophorus Lcerii Hssk. 

 mentioned under 1. 



The price of the Banka Koclan is fi5 to/60 the pikul of 

 62| kg. 



The same gutta under the name of balam pipis of 

 Soepayang has an export value of /SO per pikul, whilst as 



Bocnga tandjocng of Lima Poeloeh Kotta it has no exacf 

 value, and can only be used for mixing. 



If the Kolan of Borneo is the same as that of Banka 

 [Koelan is pronouueed Kolan in Banka), the difference is 

 even greater, for the Borneo gutta mentioned has a value 

 of/116 50 per pikul.* 



I shall now leave the subject to return to it when I am 

 able to collect more data. Nor shall I at present attempt 

 a decision of the relative values of the different samples so 

 far as they can be fixed at first sight. I shall simply 

 append a list of the names of the commerical varieties of 

 Borneo, Sumatra, Banka, Billiton and Java, so far as 

 these are not given in the list of Hr. Ten Bruminclcr, 

 from the information furnished to us, as well as of the 

 names of the samples preserved in the herbarium of the 

 Public Botanic Gardens at Buitenzorg and of those which 

 are found noted here and there in the literature of this 

 subject. I have not included the varieties of caoutchouc, 

 gums and resins in this list, hoping to refer to these on a 

 future occasion. 



Ten 



Gutta-Peboha of Borneo. ' 

 (Compare Nos. 17-28 and Gl-74 of the List of Hr 

 Brummeler.) 



Taken from the notes of Hr. J. W. Schlimmer (Journal 

 of the Netherlands Commercial Co., April 1883: — 



(i) Native name, Njato Sambon. — Place of origin, S. E. 

 Borneo. — This is apparently the same plant as that men- 

 tioned in Nos. 17, 22 and 28 of the list of Hr. Ten Brum- 

 meler. The Njato-Sambon tree grows best in red, fertile 

 soil more or less mixed with sand, and preferably at the 

 foot of a mountain or on the mountain itself. The gutta- 

 percha is of superior quality, but this rule is not without 

 exception. The further description of Hr. Schlimmer makes 

 it probable that the gutta of two different trees is brought 

 into the market under the same name. 



(ii) Njato matakatam. — S. E. Borneo (only in the territory 

 of the Orang Ot). — Gutta of about the same value as that 

 of the Njato-Sambon tree. The tree usually grows at the 

 foot of the mountains, and is similar in height and thick- 

 ness to the Njato-Sambon. 



(iii) Njato matakatam. — S. E. Borneo (Province of Sampit). 

 — This yields gutta of inferior quality, known also under 

 the name of Tangyony. 



(iv) Njato nanyka. — S. E. Borneo.— The leaves of this 

 tree greatly resemble those of the Nangka trees. The 

 gutta is brought into the market as Getah Samlwn. 



(v) Njato warinyin. — S. E. Borneo. — This is perhaps the 

 same as the Baringin Nos. 18 and 27 of the list of Hr. 

 Ten Brummeler. The tree resembles the waringin. The 

 sap is pure white, and when boiled resembles white wax. 

 The superior gutta is very tough, while the inferior is 

 very sticky. 



(vi) Njato liangkany. — S. E. Borneo. — This, apparently 

 the same as Nos. 21, 23 and 24 of the abovementioued 

 list, is met with only in water and in marshes. The tree 

 has numerous aerial roots. The sap is white, very sticky, 

 and, when it is boiled, brittle. 



(vii) Njato Sendok, Njato tinyyony, Njato Bawoy, Njato 

 roepoy. — S. E. Borneo. — The sap of Njato Bawoy is not 

 used ; that of Njato Sendok, tinggang and roepoy is of 

 inferior quality, and is used solely for adulterating good 

 gutta. 



The following is taken from the "Notes on Outta-Percha 

 of S. E. Borneo," communicated by Trot, de Vriese from 

 discoveries by James Motley (Nat. Tijdschrift xoor Ned. 

 Ind., Pt. XXI., i860):— 



(viii) Nyiatoe merah and Ngiatoe To-oen (.' lo-oen). — S. 

 E. Borneo. — This is, according to Motley^ the gutta tuban 

 of the Straits of Singapore, the actual Isonandra yutta 

 Hook. (Dichopsis yutta Benth.) ; known also under the name 



* In the Report of the Royal Gardens at Kew, 1882, there 

 occurs the following valuation of the worth of gutta-percha 

 (most probably Gutta taban mera is here referred to, see 

 sub 7): — "Assuming each picul of 133£ lb. of the best 

 qualities to represent the yield of 10 (!) trees and to be 

 worth £45" (!) &c. The gutta referred to is the same as 

 the Balam abang, and 'this ha6 a commerical value of /'SO to 

 /TOO. 



