August i, 1884,] 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST, 



141 



of gutta raerak No. 1 and gutta taban. A very reason- 

 able doubt has however been raised by" M. Beauvisage as 

 to whether this plant is actually the same as that de- 

 scribed by Hooker as Isonaudra gutta. The plant, the pie- 

 duct of which is known under the name of Gutta taban 

 merah, is according to M. Beauvisage the same as /. yvtta 

 Hook. var. oblong {folia de Vr. described by Trot', de Vriese 

 in Tuinbovu-F/ora III., and /. gutta var. Bumatrana Miq. 

 The same plant, of which only a leaf is figured in the 

 Tuinbotnr- Flora (the other figures relate to quite a differ- 

 ent plant), is found in the Buitenzorg Botanic Garden, 

 as well as in the Academy Garden at Leyden, but does 

 not produce ny flowers. We must further remark here that 

 we are with Beauvisage also of opinion that De Vriese 

 and Hooker had no right to consider this as a variety of 

 Isoiutndra gutta. Kegarding the probable synonyms of the 

 product of this plant in commerce, compare what I have 

 said on the subject above under 7. 



(ix) Ngiatoe Bintang. — S. E. Borneo (Banjoe-iran).— Isou- 

 andra dasyphylla Miq. The gutta is used for adulteration 

 of gutta-percha No. 1. It is however doubtful, as the sub- 

 stance is yielded in but small quantities by the tree. 



(x) Kotian. — S. E. Borneo (Banjoe-iran). — Isonandm Mot- 

 leyana de Vr. The tree yields plenty of sap but of bad 

 quality. The oil which can be extracted from the seeds 

 has the taste and smell of oil of bitter almonds, is used 

 in confectionery, and is valued very highly in Baudjermassin. 



(x\) Ngiatoe-poetih. — S. E. Borneo (Banjoe-iran). — Ison- 

 andra macrophylla de Vr. According to Motley probably 

 the tuban sauah of the collectors of Singapore, from which 

 the resin No. 2 is derived. 



(xii) Ngiatoe-wangi. — S. E. Borneo (Banjoe-iran). — Ison- 

 andra .' Beujamina de Vr. This gives a brilliant red 

 gutta, which greatly resembles the true " Njatoe merah." 

 This plant is said to be very rare and to be confined to 

 hilly country. 



(xiii) Ngiatoe-doekong or N. djoekong. — S. E. Borneo (Ba- 

 njoe-iran). — Bassia '.' sp. Gives a good quantity of gutta of 

 the second sort and of a very white colour. The great 

 proportion of gutta which is exported from Baudjermassin 

 is said to be obtained from this variety. 



(xiv) Ngiatoe-renkany. — S. E. Borneo (Banjoe-iran). — Ison- 

 andra xanthochyma de Vr. The gum (gutta) is yellowish 

 in color and of the second sort. 



(xv) Nyiatoe-tinang. — S. E. Borneo (Banjoe-iran). — Ison- 

 audra quercifoliu de Vr. Kegarding the characteristics of 

 the gutta of this plant nothing is related by Motley, even 

 less than those of Isonaudra macrophylla de Vr.* 



The following notices are taken from a communication 

 by Von Gaffrou published in the Nat. 'I'ijdschrift voor Ned. 

 Ind.. Ft. XVI., p. 226:— 



(xvi) Getah-pertja waringin. — Borneo along the Kapoeas 

 river. — Perhaps similar to getah brinyin of Sintong Nos. 

 61 and 62 of the list of Hr. Ten Brummeler. This gutta 

 is of the best sort. The tree grows in hilly regions on 

 yellow clayey soil and agrees closely with the waringin. 

 The stem and sap are white. (Compare what is said above 

 regarding the gutta of the same name from >S. E, Borneo.) 



(xvii) Getah-pertja doerian. — Borneo along the Kapoeas 

 river. — Perhaps similar to Nos. 62, 64 and 65 of the list 

 referred to. The gutta is of the second sort. The tree is 

 also found in hilly regions. It much resembles the doerian, 

 and its sap is originally reddish. 



(xviii) Getah-pertja poeloet. — Borneo along the Kapoeas 

 river. — This yields the third sort of gutta of commerce; 

 the tree resembles the champak ; the sap is brownish. 



(xix) Getah-pertja papoea, Qetahrpertfa raua. — Borneo along 

 the Kapoeas river. — Both varieties are little sought after 

 in commerce. 



* It is remarkable and hitherto inexplicable that none 

 of the eight last-named varieties of S. E. Borneo gutta- 

 percha mentioned by Motley agrees even in name with one 

 of the nine varieties from the same part of Borneo referred 

 to by Hr. Schlimmer. Yet some of them, such as the 

 Ngiatoe merah and especially Ngiatoe toekaug, appear to 

 be of the greatest importance in commerce. Hr. Ten Brum- 

 meler also mentions two (three) varieties, Nos. HI, 20 (and 

 18 ?), which neither Motley nor Schlimmer gives. "We 

 possess none of these S. E. Borneo varieties in our Herb- 

 arium, so that it is impossible for me to tell if in this 

 case also the same product is brought into the market 

 under different names. 



(xx) Getal<-/> rt/t/ kafetla, G< efah-pt , ija djankar, Getah' 

 pcrtja Jdadi. — The gutta of these three varieties is used 

 only for mixing with getah-pertja waringin. According to 

 Von Gaffron they could, by certain manipulations, be made 

 suitable for industry. According to Teijsmann and Binnen- 

 dijk Getah-djaukar is the product of lsonandra calophulla 

 (T. B.). 



Dried plants and specimens of gutta preserved in the 

 Herbarium and the Museum of the Botanic Garden : — 



(xxi) Ngiatoe-djeloetong 2nd sort. — Borneo along the Ka- 

 poeas river. — Of this there is a branch with leaves in the 

 Herbarium and two samples of gutta in the Museum. The 

 gutta appears to me to be of bad quality ; it is brown 

 colored and brittle. Perhaps it is the same as No. 74 of 

 Sambas. The plant exhibits some points of agreement with 

 the Isonaudra calophylla mentioned above, but cannot be 

 further identified on account of the incompleteness of tho 

 sample.* 



(xxii) Getah-djantahan. — Sambas. — A specimen collected 

 by Hr. Zwager. The gutta is very brittle and appears to 

 me to possess too little value. 



(xxiii) Njato doerian. — Sambas. — Ngiatoe docrian 1st sort. 

 — Borneo (the habitat is not more definitely mentioned). — 

 Herbarium specimens Nos. 6,558 and 14,600; the dried plants 

 certainly represent two different varieties (on this see what 

 I have said above under 3). 



(xxiv) Njatoh — Borneo (habitat not more definitely men- 

 tioned). — This is the Ktratoplwrus Leerii Hassk. mentioned 

 above under 1. 



(xxv) Getah-Njato. — Singkang. — Of this gutta our Museum 

 possesses two specimens : the first apparently of very good 

 quality, the other on the contrary very bad. 



(xxvi) Getah-pertja. — Borneo (habitat not more definitely 

 given). — Two specimens under this name in tin- Museum, 

 both collected by Niclou; apparently derived from two 

 different trees ; the one specimen appears to me to be of 

 superior quality, the other on the contrary of very little 

 value. 



Taken from the Nat. I'ijdschrift van Nederlandsch jtndie, 

 Pt. IV., p. 420:— 



(xxvii) Qetah. — Soekadana (W. Boi neo;.— According to 

 the late observant Commander Baron von Eck there are 

 two sorts of gutta brought into the market at Soekadana. 

 One sort is white and is commoner than the other or brown 

 sort. The white, however, is only half the value. It is 

 asserted however by the Resident of the western division 

 of Borneo that both sorts have the same origin, but that 

 the originally white gutta is coloured lest it should other- 

 wise be pronounced bad. A sample of the brown gutta 

 of Soekadana is in our Museum and is evidently of good 

 quality. 



Nat. Tijdschrift, Pt. VI., p. 118:— 



(xxviii) Njato. — Soekadana. — According to Teijsmann and 

 Binui ndljk, who however examined not the plant but only 

 a specimen, this corresponds with Balam tandoek of Palein- 

 baug, the product of Keratophorus L'erii Hasskl. This is 

 highly probable, as the Njato of Borneo mentioned above, 

 of which I had no gutta but a dried plant at my dis- 

 posal, appeared actually to be the Keratophorus Leerii. 



(xxix) Getah-pertja. — Koetei river, east coast of Borneo. — 

 Of the product of this plant I find nothing recorded. 



Treacher, Colonial Secretary at Labuan (vide Kew Keport 

 1881, p. 42):— 



(xxx) Gutta or Gniaio elong, Gutta puteh.— North Borneo 

 (Biunei). — The product of both these trees is brought to 

 Labuan as gutta eras. According to Treacher the gutt 

 rah of commerce is the same as the gutta puteh, but polluted 

 with double the quantity of bark scrapings. Further, ac- 

 cording to the Kew Keport gutta elong is very probably 

 the product of Dichopsis gutta. As, however, according 

 to the same report, Treacher had got no authentic speci- 

 men, it is more prudent to wait for further information 

 regarding it. Gutta puteh is probably the product of a 

 species very nearly allied to Dichopsis gutta Benth. 



(xxxi) Gutta (Gniato) JIaresah. — North Borneo (Brunei), 

 — Gutta of inferior quality. 



(xxxii) Gutta (Gnidtd) Durian. — North Borneo (Brunei). 



This gutta is not imported in a pure state. It is of in- 

 * Whether this plant is the same as. or allied to, that 

 which yields the Gutta, ebitotto of the Malacca peninsula, 

 cannot lie said at present. The latter is attributed to 

 Dycra laxifolia. 



