480 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [December i, 1884. 



pies consisting of not less than 3 pounds by weight, 

 should be packed in hermetically sealed clear bottles, aud 

 marked with the name of estate, brand &c. 1. Best Blue 

 Mountain Coffee ; 2. Best Native grown Coffee ; 3. Best 

 Settler's Coffee; 4. Liberian Coffee ; 5. Mocha Coffee. 



Class IV.— Pimento— (Pimenta vulgaris).— Itj this im- 

 portant and almost essentially Jamaica product, there is 

 not much scope for competition. Samples may, however, 

 be forwarded of good qualities shewing the results of 

 the best system of curing. The exhibits should be in glass 

 bottles containing not less than 2 pounds. 1. Best cured estate 

 Pimento ; 2. Best cured Settler's Pimento ; 3. Samples 

 of dried Pimento leaves ; 4. Samples of Pimento oil ob- 

 tained by distillation from the leaves ; 5. Pimento cordial. 



Class V.— Cacao— [Theobroma Cacao) .—Cacao cultivation 

 being largely extended, this article should be represented 

 in any collection of Island products. Under this head 

 might be shown samples of cacao (chocolate) fermented 

 and unfermented; clayed and unclayed, &c, asunder — 

 1. Best plantation Cacao— fermented and clayed ; 2. Best 

 plantation Cacao —fermented hut not clayed ; 3. Best 

 Settler's Cacao ; 4. Best manufactured Chocolate Cakes 

 or Prepared Cacao. . 



Class VI.— Ginger— {Zingiber officinalis).— Jamaica Giuger 

 being the finest in the world, should be well represented 

 in all its stages. 1. Jamaica Ginger, uuscraped ; 2. Jamaica 

 Ginger, scraped and cleaned: 3. Preserved Ginger; 4. 

 Essence of Giuger; 5. Ginger Cordial. 



Class X.— Cinchona Bark.— Among the new products for 

 which the Island is becoming known, Cinchona Bark of 

 good qualities is an important element. These for the most 

 part will doubtless be contributed by Government. Con- 

 tributions from private planters are also invited. 1. 

 Crown Bark (Cinchona officinalis); 2. Red Bark (Cin- 

 chona, suceirubra) ; 3. Yellow Bark (Cinchona calisaya) ; 

 4. Hybrid Bark (Cinchona Hybrid) ; 5. Ledgeriana Bark 

 (Cinchona ledgeriana). 



Class XII. — Oils. — These oils may not be producible on 

 a commercial scale at once ; but "if a large demand arose 

 for any of them, they would be capable of being pro- 

 duced within a short time. Samples of the following 

 obtained by pressure without heat are desired :— 1. Coco- 

 nut oil (Cocos nucifera) ; 2. Cashew nut oil (AnacardivM 

 oceidentale) ; 3. Oil of Ben (Moringa pterygosperma) ; 4. 

 Gingelly or Wanglo oil (Sesamwm indicum); 5. Ground Nut 

 or Piudar (Archis hypogea); 6. Santa Maria nut oil (Calo-- 

 phyllmn calabaj ; 7. Sano box seed oil (Hura crepitans) ; 

 y. ' Antidote eacoou oil (FemUea cordifolia) ; 9. Canaleberry 

 or Walnut oil (Aleurites triloba); 10. Oastor Oil (Ricinus 

 comunis) ; 12. Avocado Pear Oil (Persia gratissima) ; 13. 

 Maccafat oil (Elceis guiiet insis.) 



Forestry Exhibition. — May I point out that in o * 

 oE your interesting articles on this exhibition, at p. 298> 

 in the issue for September 6, the beautiful wood known 

 as Andaman Marble-wood is not furnished by Diospyros 

 qicesita. as there stated, but by D. Kurzii, Hiern. Gamble, 

 in his Manual of Indian Timbers, describes the tree as an 

 evergreen, with very thin, smooth grey bark, and hand- 

 some wood, streaked with black and grey. It is used for 

 cabinet work, and should be better known as a substitute 

 for the Ceylon Calamander wood, which it much resembles. 

 In the Andamans it is used for handles and sheaths of 

 blades, as well as for furniture. The tree grows in the 

 Andaman Islands and Nicobars. These facts I have pointed 

 out in the new guide to the Kew Museum. Diospyros 

 quesita, Thw., is the true Calamander, or Ooromander wood, 

 aud is a large tree of Ceylon, now scarce, though the wood 

 is in great demand for ornameutal articles aud iidayiug. 

 —John B. Jackson, Museum, Kew. — Gardeners' Chronicle. 



Fertility op Hybrids. — Apples, Pears, aud Cherries 

 when two or three years old, will often flower freely, but 

 produce no fruit. The same trees, the year following 

 transplanting, are well known to attempt to mature of 

 heavy crop in many cases. The checking of vegetative, 

 vigour is favourable to reproduction. It is not a structural 

 case having relation to pollination. In the history at 

 American fruits we find remarkably strong evidence for 

 the fertility of hybrids. The old " purple-cane " Raspberry 

 is either a natural hybrid, or a departure by natural vari- 

 ation from some native species. The "Philadelphia" Rasp- 

 berry appears to have this for one of its parents, aud is 

 also either a hybrid or great variation. Found wild, there 



is no evidence of a positive nature. They are simply sup- 

 posed to be hybrids between the Blackcap Raspberry, Rubus 

 occidentalis, and the red, Rubus strigosus, or Rubus Idajus. 

 However, with this " Philadelphia " and Rubus occidentalis^ 

 Mr. "William Saunders, of London, Ontario, has numerous 

 fertile hybrids. (See Fruit Growers' Ontario Report, 1872.) 

 In 1875 he also had fertile hybrids between Rubus oc- 

 cidentalis and some " red " Raspberry. The same remark- 

 ably careful scientific experimenter had fertile hybrid 

 Gooseberries between Ribes Cynobasti and the garden 

 Gooseberry. The history of the Grape in America is one 

 of a long succession of fertile hybrids, though perhaps the 

 distinctness of the species -might be a question. There is 

 such a regular gradation, that no one can refer a form in 

 every case to its proper species. Still, when we take the 

 wild Fox Grape and compare it with the Grape of Europ- 

 ean vineyards, or a Scuppernoug and a Frost Grape, all 

 mil admit that in no sense can these be regarded as one 

 species. Yet they all hybridise, and the hybrids are fertile. 

 Dr. Wylie, of Chester, South Carolina, succeeded in unit- 

 ing Scuppernong and Black Hamburgh. There are always 

 some males or sterile plants among all Grape seedlings, 

 hybrids or not. M. Naudin, a very energetic French ex- 

 perimenter with hybrid plants, gives as the result of his 

 observations, that never more than 25 per cent of hybrids 

 were sterile, and of these numbers had fertile pollen ; but 

 ever, this proportion may have had more to do with the 

 climate or surroundings than with absolute sterility, In 

 America, so far as the writer of this has had the opport- 

 unity to observe, there is no reason to believe there is 

 any more sterility attached to hybrids than to ordinary 

 plants. — Thos. Meehan. — Gardeners' Chronicle. 



New Products in Borneo. — Says the North Bor- 

 neo Herald of Sept. 1st :— " In the Gazette of this 

 date are published some special regulations for the 

 sale of laud for the cultivation of gambier and pepper, 

 A brother-in-law of Mr. Tang Keng Swee of Singapore, 

 who has a very large interest in the Johore gambier 

 and pepper plantations, is visiting Sandakan with the 

 view of selecting land for this culture. The benefit 

 which has accrued to Sarawak from the advent of 

 Chinese gambier and pepper planters was referred to 

 in the hading article of our last issue, and we sincerely 

 trust that we may shortly have the pleasure of chron- 

 icling the fact of the opening of gambier and pepper 

 plantations in North Borneo." The main provisions of 

 the regulations are as follows : — 



" Should the application be accepted the land selected 

 will be roughly defined, and a permit under the hand of 

 the Governor will be given to the applicant to occupy such 

 land, rent free, for three years from the date of such per- 

 mit, but subject to the following conditions : — Such permit 

 will specify the extent, and describe generally the situation 

 of the land to which it relates. At the end of such three 

 years a rough survey of the land so occupied will he made , 

 the permit will be called in and cancelled, and a regular 

 lease for 99 years will be granted in lieu thereof, for so 

 much of the land so occupied as shall then be actually 

 under cultivation, and for so much of the uncultivated and 

 uncleared part of such land so occupied as shall be equal 

 in area to two-thirds of the laud then under cultivation, 

 the whole being subject to the payment of an annual 

 quit-rent of 10 cents per acre. The Lessee shall pay such 

 sum for the expenses of survey, demarkation of boundaries, 

 transfer or registration fees, or expenses of conveyance as 

 the Governor shall fix, which shall not exceed one-half of 

 the expenses and fees payable under any then existing 

 Land Regulations approved by the Court of Directors. 

 Landmarks will, in the first instant, be set up by the 

 Company, but will be kept in repair at the expense of the 

 Lessees. The Company reserves the right to impose an ex- 

 port duty on gambier, pepper and all other produce of such 

 lands, but such duty shall not exceed 10 cents per picul 

 on gambier, and 20 cents per picul on pepper during the 

 period of ten years, computed from the date of these 

 Regulations." 



SKINNY MEN. 



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