706 



AMERICAN FORESTRY 



circling around the larger trees to get 

 them down. The axe used for notching, 

 limbing and felling is narrow and wedge 

 shaped, while another broad axe is used 

 for barking. To assist in rolling the 

 logs the chopper uses a hook, somewhat 

 similar to one side of a miner's pick. 

 Logs are usually cut 12 feet long, and 

 the larger ones are often hewn square 

 in the woods to make them lighter, and 

 because thev are most easilv sold that 



as possible, and 23^ to 3}/^ inches wide 

 by 8 inches long. They are bimdled in 

 units of 400 shakes, and sold at 15 cents 

 per unit. From a log 12 feet long and 

 1 foot square is made 10 to 12 units, 

 which represent a gross value of SI. 50. 

 When labor is deducted at the rate of 5 

 cents per unit, it leaves $1.00 for the 

 log, which is 40 cents more than the log 

 would have sold for in the square. 

 Sugi splits equally as well as hiba, and 



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St.\ckixg Pulp Logs 

 by means of two ropes pulled by .\ score of men these logs .\re hauled out of the river and stacked 



in large piles 



way. This method is practiced on the 

 Utchimappu, and the chips are bundled 

 and sold for 1 cent per bundle in the 

 woods or 4 cents in Aomori. The 

 weight of the bundle is supposed to be 

 one half the amount one man can carry. 

 The trees are cut to 3 inches in the top, 

 and the remainder of the tree is utilized 

 for fuel or charcoal when close to 

 settlements. 



The bark of the sugi and hiba is used 

 for tannin, and brings a price of 6 and 4 

 cents respectively per 6 square feet 

 delivered at Aomori. Shakemaking is 

 a common industry at Utchimappu, 

 where the hiba is used for this purpose. 

 The shakes are all split by hand as thin 



is also used to a great extent in shake- 

 making on other forests. A visit to a 

 Japanese match factory and a pulp 

 mill was very interesting. 



Charcoal burning is a highly de- 

 veloped art in Japan and this is only 

 natural because of the much greater use 

 per capita of this product than in any 

 other country. 



In addition to the Japanese laborer, 

 who is very efficient when trained, is 

 used the Aino for common woodswork 

 in the north. The Ainos possessed the 

 islands prior to the Japanese invasion; 

 but they have since gradually been 

 driven back. They are naturally large 

 and powerful, with a prolific growth of 



