66 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



There were no young- people in those days, and no babies were 

 born for a very long time. All the mona were extremely poor, for 

 this was before the days of cultural inventions. They knew not 

 the art of weaving hemp into garments, and were accustomed to 

 clothe themselves in bunut, the soft, dry sheath that envelops the 

 trunks of cocoanut palms and can be torn off in pieces of consider- 

 able size. 12 ' 



127 This tradition answers, unmistakably, to actual pre-cultural conditions. Pigafetta, 

 1519 — 22, makes mention of bark garments among the Visayans of Cebu. "Those girls . . . 

 were naked except for tree cloth hanging from the waist and reaching to the knees." "First 

 voyage around the world." Blair and Robertson: op. cit., vol. 33, p. 151. 190fi. 

 The same chronicler speaks of the Cebu men as "wearing but one piece of palm tree cloth." 

 Ibid., p. 171. The dress of the Jolo men, according to Pigafetta, was tbe same as that 

 iu use at Cebu. Ibid., p. 109. Of the other sex, he says: "Their women are clad in 

 tree cloth from their waist down." Ibid., p. 131. Cf. Morga's mention of the use of 

 bark cloth among the Visayans. Op. cit., vol. 16, p. 11. J 904. 



1 quote from Blair and Robertson the graphic description given by Father Xavarrete, 

 a Dominican, of bark clothing as used in the middle of the 17th century at Kaili, in 

 western Celebes, where be stopped on his way to Macasar. "That is the kingdom where 

 the men and women dress only in paper ; and, since it is a material which does not last 

 long, the women are continually working at it with great industry. The material con- 

 sists of the bark of a small tree, which we saw there. They beat it out with a stone 

 into curious patterns, and make it as they desire, coarse, line, and most line-, and they 

 dye it in all colors. Twenty paces away, these appear like line camelets. Much of it is 

 taken to Manila and Macao, where I saw excellent bed-curtains made of it; in cold 

 weather they are as good as one can desire. In the rainy season, which is the great 

 enemy of paper, the remedy applied by those people is to undress and put one's clothes 

 under one's arm." The Philippine Islands, vol. 38, p. 67. 1906. 



The editor's footnote suggests the paper mulberry, Brouesim etia papyrifera, as the 

 •small tree" referred to. Both the size of the tree, and the susceptibility of the clothing 

 to moisture would suggest that it was not the sheath of the cocoanut palm that was put 

 to use in Kaili. Still, it is possible that after long-continued beating the cocoanut bast 

 might easily become so thin as not to resist the force of rain. According to the Sara- 

 -in-. many different kinds of barks are used in ceutral Celebes, according to [the texture 

 of cloth it is desired to produce. 



/up llerstellung dienen die Rinden ciner ganzen Reihe vcrscbiedener Baume, je nacli- 

 dem man feiuere oder grobere Stoffe herzustellen wiinseht. Die grobstcn und rohsten 

 -iinl so dick wie die Stoffe unserer Winterkleider, die feinsten so diinn und transparent 

 wie Schweinsblase." Reisen in Celebes, vol. 1, p. 259. 1905. In central Celebes, where, 

 according to these distinguished writers, the art of weaving is unknown, the clothing of 

 the native Toradja consisted entirely of bark, until within the Last half century, when 

 foreign -lulls have been broughl in by trade. The barl is put through an extended process 

 of beating and coloring, a- described in detail in the above-mentioned work, vol. 1, pp. 

 259—261. 



In the northeast, the ancient dress of the natives of Minabasss was also of the outer 

 bark or of the inoei Bheath of tree- (Baumbast- oder Rindenstoffen) but now, the Sara- 



