58 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Idea of retribution. As a factor in the manner of life after 

 death, the concept of retribution for behavior on earth is practi- 

 cally non-existent. " 5 Only one myth has come under my obser- 

 vation that hints at the possibility of a painful aftermath being the 

 punishment for an evil life. This was an episode in the story of 

 Lumabat and Wari where the foreign flavor was distinctly apparent. '"' 

 My question as to whether a bad Bagobo would be punished in 

 Gimokudan brought the prompt answer, u No;" but when I asked 

 whether a certain boy who had a reputation for small thievery 

 would be allowed to live with the other Bagobo, they told me that 

 there were many different towns in Gimokudan. Perhaps we may 

 infer that the spirits may group themselves according to inclination. 



Left-hand Soul or Gimokud r r<h<ni</ 



Diametrically opposed to the takawanan, as regards its character 

 and its final fate, is that other soul of man, the Gimokud Tebang, 

 which shows itself as a shadow on the left side of one's path, and 

 appears also as the reflection in the water. This left-hand soul 

 is hurtful to the body it inhabits, and is the direct cause of many 

 a pain and sickness. 



When a Bagobo catches sight of his reflection 111 in a clear 

 stream, he must look at it soberly ; he must not betray any feeling 

 of pleasure or of amusement. If he laughs at his image in the 

 water, he will die (presumably because he has mocked his left- 

 hand soul). 



Dream exploits. It i3 the left-hand soul which leaves the 

 body at night and goes flying about the world, where it encounters 



1,0 According to Mr. Cole, there is among the Bagobo of Sibulan a belief iu retribu- 

 tion. He says; "The gimokod of evil men arc punished by being crowded iDto poor 

 houses." Op. cit. p. 105. 



" u (./. Jour. Am. Folk-lore, vol. 2f>, p. 22. 1913. 



1,7 Reflections in the water are held by certain other tribes iu the Philippines to be 

 of great import , being sometimes used as meaus of divination. The Recollect Fathers 

 wrote, in 1024., of the inhabitants of the Calamianes and Cuyo groups; "Their priests 

 were highly revered . . . The devil showed them what they asked from him, in water, 

 with certain shadows or figures." Hi. via and RoBERTSOK, vol. 21, p. 228. 1905. As yet, 

 1 have not seen that anybody has recorded, of other tribes, a tabu against laughing at 

 one's reflection, or has stated that this image is, specifically , the evil soul of man. 

 Specialized observances, however, and local variations in belief might easily develop from 

 the suggestion of mystery and of wonder associated with a reflection in the water. 



