24 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



Mountain-gods are Renerungen and Sindar. Of Sindar wo know 

 nothing-, llenerungan is the name of a family of friendly gods - 

 a man, his wife, and four children. 



Another supernatural being associated with the mountains is 

 Tagamaling, "' who is, traditionally, a god on the alternate months 

 only, and at other times a demon. In a later chapter, 51 under the 

 caption, "the Demons called Buso," Tagamaling finds his place, 

 but he ought to be mentioned at this point because he is god half 

 of the time, and one hears him mentioned with the other dies of 

 the mountains. As the special protector, too, of deer and of pigs r 

 Tagamaling cannot be excluded from the spirits that are closely 

 related to the interests of the Bagobo. Primarily, there are two 

 chief tagamaling, a male god and his wife, but, according to folk- 

 lore, there must be very many spirits by that name. 



The gods ruling over the ground and the air are known as Linug, 

 some of whom are male, some female; the former being in charge 

 of large areas of ground, while the latter are rulers of small sections 

 of land. As linug is also the word for earthquake, it may be in- 

 ferred that these divinities are held responsible for all tremblings 

 and convulsions of the earth, although I did not hear a statement 

 to that effect. 



The names of two deities are forbidden to the lips of the Bagobo: 

 the god of fire and the god of the sea. Old men at Tubison, while 

 mentioning other gods, told me that, if they should speak the name 

 of the god of fire, the buso would come; and that they must not 

 utter the name of the god of the sea. In one corner of the Long 

 House at Tubison, I noticed a bamboo prayer-stand (tambara), set 

 up for a divinity of the fire (apuy); but no other bit of evidence 

 has come under my observation that would justify us in calling 

 the Bagobo "fire-worshippers," as reputed. 12 Fire does not appear 

 to be held by them as a sacred object to any greater extent than 

 streams or trees or dense thickets may chance to be so regarded, though 

 it is true that spirits throng the earth and the air in such numbers 

 that any interesting phenomenon, like a flame, is likely to be 

 referred to a supernatural agency. The reverence of the Bagobo 

 for the names of fire-deities and sea-deities may be an extraneous 



' "See pp. 35—36. 

 • • See p. 29. 



i2 Cf- I'nited States Bureau of the Census: Census of the Philippine Islands, vol. 1, 

 p. 501. 1905. 



