158 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



cane wine had been served as after the general drinking. In marked 



contrast with the quiet, orderly, almost conventional manner in 

 which the proceedings at Talun were put through, the religious 

 activities at Tubison suggested some hidden psychological stimulus 

 to which every performer responded. 2 '-" There were frequent shrieks 

 and screams from the women; groans and loud calls from the men ; 

 shouting of directions; sudden dramatic outbursts, as when one datu 

 seized hold of another and tried to drag him from his seat, or when 

 one clasped the wrists of another during the prayers before the 

 bamboo stands, or when the entire company oriented at the same 

 moment, crowding together and facing the north, while the men 

 sang the locust song [Apang). Yet, throughout this intense excite- 

 ment, one was conscious of an organization so exact as to inhibit 

 any excess of emotional discharge. Many of the above demonstrations, 

 as well as the war songs, the cries, and the prolonged humming and 

 Hilling sounds that are associated with war expeditions, gave the 

 impression of a battle-field with a fight in progress, or of the 

 return from a successful man-hunt. 



Question Of Head-hunting. Much work remains to be done 

 before the complete significance of the Ginum ceremonial is revealed. 

 Some of the religious rites that I have attempted to describe sug- 

 gest similar customs which, by a parallel development or through 

 convergence, have grown up in many countries and among many 



I pies all over the world. No attempt has been made in this 



paper to draw attention, outside of a limited territory, to parallels 

 that will occur to every student of primitive religion. 



There are other elements of the Ginum which seem peculiar to 

 Malay groups, but the material is lacking for a detailed comparison. 

 Anion-- these elements, the triumphal entry of the two bamboo 

 poles, with the attendant ceremonies, calls for special investigation. 

 That they are raised in honor of the same god who receives so 



1,0 Two possible causes may be hinted at for what may be termed thi- difference in 



psychical al aphere: — (1) Possibly a human sacrifice had been offered at Tubison 



daring the preceding twenty-four hours; while al Talun the enforced substitution of a 

 fowl as the blood] victim maj have dampened the spirit of i lie feast. Bate/. pp. 96 — 97. 



(2) Then was evident, al all times, in Imbal's family a temperamental strain of 

 buoyancy and of menial alertness that thrilled me, on everj occasion \\\\m any one of 

 them came to visit al mj house. Possibly, all of the guests were infected by the enthusiasm 

 and vivacity of our hosts. Oleng'a family, on the contrary, with the sole exception of 

 [do, were less spontaneous in manner, not at all optimistic, cautious, reserved, ami not 

 inclined to be over-hast] in the executi f their intentions. 



