228 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



blame his left-hand soul — his gimokud tebang — who is off on 

 an adventure, and, by some form of sympathetic magic, is making 

 the trouble. The left-hand soul, while absent from the body which 

 he tenants, is able to cause suffering in any part of it that lie 

 pleases, simply by exploiting 302 a corresponding part of his own 

 shadowy structure. When the head aches, the gimokud tebang is 

 bunting his head against a tree or a rock, and as long as he keeps 

 this up the pain continues. A sensation of nausea means that the 

 tebang is drinking poison. Belly-ache comes when the left-hand soul 

 jumps into the river; but the pain may be relieved by securing 

 the bill of a crow, burning it to ashes, and swallowing the ashes 

 mixed with plenty of water. Sore mouth troubles a Bagobo when 

 his tebang is drinking boiling hot water. When the left-hand soul 

 runs a fishhook into his neck, sore throat comes on, but it may 

 be cured by tying in a rag a few hairs of the flying lemur, and 

 wearing the rag attached to the necklace. One woman who was using 

 this charm told me that she got it from a Kulaman. Sharp pain 

 in the foot is experienced whenever the tebang strikes his foot 

 against a sharp stone. The medicine is the ashes obtained by burn- 

 ing the foot of a crow. The ashes are to be rubbed five times on 

 the suffering foot, and this must be done with a gentle, downward 

 stroke. Some old women think that one single stroke is better. If 

 the tebang chooses to climb in great forest trees and swing him- 

 self from branch to branch, he can make the arms lame and sore. 

 When the whole body feels lame and bruised, the left-hand soul 

 is jumping from a tall tree down upon sharp-pointed stakes of 

 bamboo, stuck in the ground like ;\ man-trap. Cold shivers through- 

 out the body, with sharp pains, mean that the tebang is swimming 

 in the deep sea. 



I noted but one kind of pain that was not attributed to an oc- 

 cult cause, -- that was sugud, or the sting of bees. Further investi- 

 gation, however, may vet find the sting to be a demoniac element. 

 The remedy suggests that "like euros like," for it consists in laying 



: " 1 The impression I received of the left-hand soul was that of a spirit which hurts 

 I hr body maliciously, or sportively. Professor Boas has called my attentiou to the differ- 

 ence between this conception, and that commonly held by primitive man, namely, that 

 the harm done by the soul is due to accidents that happen in its wanderings. It is 

 possible that I misunderstood my informant, and that the implied distinction does not 

 actually exist, though the Bpiril of the folklore would bear me out. 



