BENEDICT, BAGOBO CEREMONIAL, MAGIC AND MYTH 263 



of one spell with another — these are recorded of the Filipino 

 everywhere, and survive among the Tagal, at least, to-day ; 454 but 

 of course only the details of such magical arts would have any 

 value in comparison, since magic is found the world over. 



The accounts of Chirino, 455 of Loarca, 45G of Aduarte 45? and others, 

 show that both Tagal and Visayan buried the dead in the ground, 

 either under the house or in the open field ; that clothing, food 

 and valuables were buried with the dead for their use in the lower 

 world and in the journey thither; that slaves were regularly slain 

 at the death of chiefs and of other distinguished individuals, or, 

 more commonly, the slave was buried alive with the body of his 

 master. 45s The soul was thought to go down below to a good 

 place, 459 where a desirable existence without either reward or 

 punishment 40 " could be expected. On memorial occasions, food in 

 small bamboo boats was sent to the dead — apparently, in real 

 miniature vessels that were actually let loose in the water. 401 



We have no record of the details of religious ceremonies at mar- 

 riage among the early Filipino, but social regulations in regard to 

 marriage seem to have agreed, in many respects, with those that 

 exist among the Bagobo : such as the generally prevailing monog- 

 amy, except in case of chiefs; regulations in regard to dowry or 

 marriage price ; conditions attached to the division or the return of 

 property in case of divorce, the crucial point being that the one 

 who initiates the separation, or is found at fault, is at a great dis- 

 advantage in the property settlement. 402 We are not here consid- 



" i "Cf. J. NufiBZ: "Present beliefs and superstitions in Luzon." 1905. Blair and 

 Robertson: op. cit., vol. 43, pp. 310—319. 1906. 



tss Op. cit., vol. 12, pp. 302—303. 1904. 



1,56 Op. cit., vol. 5, p. 135. 1903. 



457 Op. cit., vol. 30, pp. 292—293. 1905. 



* 6S Cf. 1). Artieda; "Relation of the western islands...," 1573. Op. cit., vol. 3, p. 

 199. 1903. See also, Legaspi: Ibid., vol. 2, p. 132. 1903. See also, J. M. de ZuHiga: 

 "The people of the Philippines." 1803. Ibid., vol. 43, pp. 126—127. 1906. See also, 

 J. de Plasencia: "Customs of the Tagalogs," 1589. Ibid., vol. 7, p. 195. 1903. For 

 other references, see p. 189 of this paper. 



* 5 9 Cf. D. de Artieda, loc. cit. 



* e0 Cf. J. M. de ZiifiiGA, loc. cit. 



461 Cf. "Early Recollect Missions," 1624. Op. cit., vol. 21, p. 209. 1905. 



" 6i Cf. P. Chirino: "Relacion .. ." 1604. Op. cit., vol. 12, pp. 293—296. 1904. "Early 

 Recollect Missions," 1624. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 211. 1905. A. de Morga: "Sucesos . . ." 

 1609. Ibid., vol. 16, pp. 124—125. 1904. M. de Loarca: "Relacion..." 1582. Ibid., 

 vol. 5, pp. 177—178. 1903. D. Aduarte; "Historia . . ." 1610. Ibid., vol. 30, p. 297. 

 1905. 



