264 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



ering social regulations, or ethical factors; but wore such to be 

 listed we should at once note that the blood-feud, 403 the attitude 

 of the community toward theft, 464 customs of rinsing the mouth, 463 

 of filing- the teeth, 400 and so forth, are common to the Filipino 

 and the Bagobo, and many such customs might be checked up. 



The Filipino, too, had the equivalent of the bagani, for the 

 Tagal man of valor was set oft' by special marks of distinction, 

 particularly in the wearing of the red kerchief called potong, the 

 use of which was permitted to him only who had killed at least 

 one man, special prowess, as well as chieftaincy, being indicated 

 by the color of the cloth. Probably the word translated as "color" 

 means shade or tint, a rendering that would bring this use into 

 harmony with the prevailing custom in the south, where the number 

 of men killed is indicated by the darker or lighter shade of the 

 chocolate-colored tankulu. 4,n 



In certain directions, however, the Filipino had developed his 

 religion along lines distinct from those followed by the Bagobo. 

 Foremost in importance was the universal usage of making images 408 

 of stone, wood, bone, gold, ivory and crocodile's teeth, and of 

 setting up such images in shrines or in houses to serve as permanent 

 idols which were afterward passed down by inheritance; whereas 

 the Bagobo custom is to carve rough images from soft wood just 

 as they are needed for each ceremonial occasion. Furthermore, 

 these images do not parallel the idols of the Filipino, for those, as 

 many documents show, were made in representation of the anito, 

 and as such received homage, while the Bagobo figures have a 

 purely magical function, and that a temporary one. 



The custom of tattooing, 460 which may have had a magico-reli- 



toi 



tit 



HI 

 4 6 6 / 



Of. "Early Recollect Missions." Bi.ui; ami Roim;ktson : loc. cil., p. 208 — 209. 

 Cf. D. Aim win.: "Historia . . ." Kilo. Op. cil., vol. 32, p. 200. 1905. 

 Cf. Y. Ciiihino: "Relacion..." 1G04. Op. tit., vol. 12, pp. 186—187. 1904. 

 Cf. P. Chikino, loc. cil., p. 187. 

 •"" Cf. J. Ri/.ai., note to Morga's "Sucesos." Op. cil., vol. 16, p. 76. 1904. See also, 

 I). Aim urn : •Historia..." 1640. Ibid., vol.30, p. 296. 1905. See also, "Early Recollect 

 Missions," 1624. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 213. 1905. 

 *°" Cf. the following passages. 



A. Pigaii.iiv: I ust voyage ... 1519— 1522." Op. cit., vol. 33, pp. 165. 167. 1906. 

 Mendoza: "Historj of. ..China," 1583—1588. Ibid., vol. 6, p. 146. 1903. 

 I'. Ciiihino: "Relacion...'* 1604. Ibid., vol. 12, pp. 265—270; 272— 27.">. 1904. 

 "Early Recollect .Missions." 1624. Ibid., vol. 21, pp. 314-315, el eel. 1905. 

 •••6/. P. Cihiuno, loc. cil. vol. 12, pp. 205—206. D. Aim u;n, lor. cil., vol. 30, 

 p. 292; A. MoBGA, loc. rit., vol. 16, p. 72; Ai;mi>\, loc. cil., vol. 3, p. 200. 



