270 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



thumbling, is absent from Bagobo ideas, for they, on the contrary, 

 identify the soul with the shadow cast by the body. Skeat says 

 that the number of souls recognized by peninsular Malays is seven 

 in each human body; while animal and material objects are sup- 

 posed to have souls 492 — a belief common to all .Malays. Like 

 details in funeral customs may he noted : the arraying of the body 

 in fine material; 403 the observance of the wake; the measuring the 

 depth of the grave on the body of the digger; 404 the placing of 

 the corpse with head toward the north ; 495 a burial exhortation 

 addressed to the deceased, to which he is supposed to listen with 

 close attention; 490 the funeral feast following the burial. 



Popular folklore regarding sacred trees that are set apart as the 

 abode of hantu 497 is practically the same in Malacca as through the 

 Islands. Current beliefs concerning the nature of patianak (uti/tl- 

 anak),* 98 the vampire (penangalari) th.it sucks the blood of children; 

 the significance of omens drawn from earthquakes, from eclipses, 

 from thunder, from lizards and snakes, 4 " from the cries of certain 

 pigeons, of night-owls and of other birds that suggest traditional 

 associations 5 "" — these are but few of the great number of portents 

 and popular traditions that differ little in the two areas that we 

 are considering. We find also in .Malaysia the use of the ordeal 

 by water, from which the thief is forced to emerge in proof of his 

 guilt. 501 



IJagobo custom in the matter of boring the ears of children 

 agrees with the peninsular Malays rather than with Sumatra, for 

 the ears of Bagobo babies less than a year old are pierced. If it 

 were ever a ceremony of adolescence, it is not now so regarded. 

 Concerning this matter, Skeat says: "The ear-boring ceremony 

 (bertindek) appears to have lost much of its ceremonial character in 

 Selangor, where I was told that it is now usually performed when 

 the child is quite small, i.e. as the earliest, when the child is some 



• BJ W. W. Ski \r: Malaj magic, p. 52. 

 4n3 if. ibid., pp. 397—898. 



I r. Hid., p. 406. 



Of. ibid., p. 401. 



Of. ibid., pp. 406—408. 

 *•' (/. ibid., pp. 203—217. 



id., pp. 820, B2B— 327. 

 -»• Of. ibid., pp. 682— 685. 



' '/". ibid., p. 85 l 



if. ibid., pp. 642-644. 



I 



