230 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



they are sick, to give an areca-nut to Tigyama, and to ask him to 

 take away the sickness. 



It is customary, however, to supplement devotional exercises by 

 other means of cure, particularly in those cases where the god is 

 slow in giving help. In my journal kept at Talun, I find the 

 following entry: "Have just given Malik quinine for karokung 

 (malaria) — a disease caused by the 'White Lady who lives in 

 the rivers.' The medicine recommended by the anito . . . does not 

 seem to have done any good, and they have come to me for bawi." 



By Magic. Much of the material belonging to this division of 

 our subject has been discussed under the caption, "Charms and 

 Magical Rites;" but the sort of healing which requires magic in 

 combination with the use of native drugs will be considered in 

 the following section. 



By Native Materia Medica. While a few of the older women 

 and men — that is to say, the priest-doctors — are highly skilled 

 in the use of curative agents, they by no means hold a monopoly 

 in the medical arts, for in every family the mother or grand- 

 mother has a store of remedies, and even young people treat them- 

 selves with varying success. 



The list of native drugs that are supposed to have a curative 

 effect is enormously large, including an uncountable number of 

 names of trees, bushes, shrubs, rattans, climbing plants, whose yield 

 of fruit or leaf or stem or bark or root, is eagerly gathered 

 and carefully preserved by the Bagobo for their primitive practice 

 of medicine. The consideration of many such vegetable products 

 which have an actual curative value belongs rather to a work on 

 material culture than to a monograph on religion. Our interest in 

 the present connection does not extend to the probing into the 

 actual effects of this or of that specific medicine; lint we are con- 

 cerned with the general methods of treatment, particularly where 

 magic is instrumental in producing the desired result. 



A very large number of curative elements consist of spells and 

 drugs used in combination, and depending for their effect, in part 

 upon the value of the pharniaceut ical element, in part upon a 

 prescribed ritual of word-charms, of magic passes, of set counts to 

 be used with the drug or the lotion. For instance, in rubbing the 

 body the stroke must take an upward direction with one curative 

 agent, and downward with another; while certain other forms of 

 treatment would be futile unless employed simultaneously with 



