BENEDICT, BAGOBO CEREMONIAL, MAGIC AND MYTH 259 



liturgical songs that had been passed down from generation to 

 generation, and that narrated the achievements and the fabulous 

 genealogies of tribal heroes and of divinities, were sung or chanted; 420 

 offerings of material things 421 had to be made by everybody who 

 hoped to obtain the benefits of the sacrifice; priestesses acting 

 under strong emotional stress gave oracles from gods who entered 

 their bodies, though the term manganito was not confined to this 

 phase alone of the religious functions for the entire celebration 

 had the equivalent name naganito ; 422 a special ceremonial liquor, 423 

 fermented from sugar cane and well-aged, was reserved for the 

 festival, and finally the religious activities were followed by a big 

 feast and drinking that closed the celebration. 



The Pintados (Visayan) held a somewhat similar festival when they 

 began to till their fields, 424 and on special occasions, such as in 

 sickness, before building and before going to war. At the Visayan 

 festival, human victims seem to have been sacrificed 425 much more 

 frequently than among the Tagal, though the killing of slaves for 

 the service of the dead was common everywhere. The Recollect 

 priests mention the Visayan custom of having antiphonal chanting 42G 

 at their festivals, the alternation being between a number of men 

 and a number of women. 



Among the Filipino tribes in general, both men and women 427 

 officiated as priests, just as with the wild people now, and the 

 altars at which the rites were performed could not have been very 

 different from those which are found in use among the Bagobo and 

 other pagan groups of the south. Offerings to the gods were laid 

 in little houses, and these hut-shrines 428 were placed at the entrance 



>*" Cf. Bobadilla: Relation..." 1640. Blair and Robertson: vol. 29, pp. 282—283. 

 1905. See also "Early Recollect Missions." Op. cit., vol. 21, pp. 137—138. 1905. 



4il Cf. Chikino: "Relacion . . ." Op. cit., vol. 12, p. 270. 



422 Cf. Plasencia: "Relation...," 1589. Op. cit., vol 7, p. 186. 



* 23 Cf. Aduakte; "Historia. ..," 1640. Op. cit., vol. 30, pp. 186,243. 1905. 



424 Cf. M. de Loakca: "Relacion de las Yslas Filipinas," 1582. Op. cit., vol. 5, p. 

 165. 1903. See also, "Early Recollect Missions," 1624. Op. cit., vol. 21, p. 203. 1905. 



426 Cf. A. de Saavedba: "Voyage... 1527—1528." Op. cit., vol. 2, p. 42. 1903. See 

 also, "Early Recollect Missions," 1624. Op. cit., vol. 21, p. 203, 1905. 



426 Cf. "Early Recollect Mission," 1624. Op. cit., vol. 21, p. 203. 1905. 



427 Cf. D. Aduarte: "Historia...," 1640. Op. cit., vol. 30, p. 243. 



See also, "Legazpi expedition," 1564 — 1568. Op. cit., vol. 2, p. 139. 1903. 



See also, "Early Recollect Missions," 1624. Op. cit., vol. 21, p. 203. 1905. 



418 Cf. P. Chirino: "Relacion...," 1601—1604. Op. cit., vol. 12,p.268. 1904. Seealso, 



