2G2 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



trees were pointed out by all Filipino as objects appropriated by- 

 some divinity or by some demon, and the baliti held a unique place 

 among other trees. 



The omens regarded throughout Mindanao used to be of equal 

 concern to the Tagal and Yisayan : such as the cry of limokun: 44;! 

 the chance meeting with a lizard or a snake ; 444 a sneeze at the 

 beginning of an undertaking; 44 ' the significance of an eclipse 446 of 

 the moon, and so on through a long line of folk traditions. The 

 crow 44 ' and certain other birds 448 were regarded by the Tagal as 

 sacred. The place where lost articles were concealed 44 ' 1 could be 

 discovered by the bending of a flame in that direction. The con- 

 stellations were referred to for setting dates. 45 ' 1 The ordeal was 

 resorted to for proving guilt and innocence. 431 Vital parts of a 

 slain man wore eaten to secure qualities of strength and valor. * 52 

 The use of magical spells, 453 the black art, the carrying about the 

 person of small objects with which to harm a foe, the counteracting 



op. cit., vol. 13, p. 72. 1904. See also various references in "Early Recollect Missions," 

 1624. Ibid., vol. 21. 1905. See also pp. 115 — 116 of this monograph. 



**■ Cf. D. Aduakte: "Historia . . . ," 1640. Blair and RoBEKTSON: op. cil., vol. SO, 

 p. 287. 1905. See also "Early Recollect Missions," 1621. Ibid., vol. 21, p. 205. 1905. 



*** Cf. J. de Mendoza: "History of tin- great Kingdom of China," 1586. Op. cit., 

 vol. 6, p. 147. 1903. See also, P. Chirino: "Relacion..." 1604. Ibid., vol. 12, p. 267. 

 1904. 



I,!,! - Cf. P. Chirino, loc. cit. See also M. de Loauca: "Rclacion . . . ," 1582. Op. cit., 

 vol. 5, p. 165. Sec also I). Aduarte: "Historia..." 1640. Ibid., vol. 30, pp. 287—288. 

 1905. 



'" Cf. T. Ortiz: "Superstitions and beliefs of the Filipinos." ca. 1731. Op. cit., vol. 

 43, p. 112. 1906. 



"• 7 Cf. P. Chirino: "Relacion " 1604. Op. cit., vol. 12, p. 265. 1904. 



'•'"> Cf. P. Chirino, loc. cit. See also "Early Recollect Missions," 1624. Op. cit., vol. 

 21, p. 138. 1905. 



"*° Cf. T. Ortiz: "Superstitions...," ca. 1731. Op. cit., vol. 43, p. 109. 1906. 

 " Cf, M. DE LoaE( \: "Relacion...," 1582. Op. cit., vol. 5, p. 165. 

 Cf. J. Rizai, (note to Morga's "Sucesos.") Op. cit., vol. 16, p. 128. 1904. 



»•» Cf. A. I'h.ui n\: "First voyage round the world, 1519—1522." Op. cit., vol. 88, 

 p. 243. 1906. See also, J. DE PlaSENCIA: "Customs of the Tagalogs," 1589. Ibid., vol. 7, 

 p. L98. 1908. 



* 03 Cf. the following and man] other references. M. de Loabi \: "Relacion . . . ," 15S9. 

 Op. cit., vol. 5, p. 163. 1908. 



L. i.i PiASENCiA.: "Customs of the Tagalogs," 1688— 1591. Ibid., vol. 7, \>. 192. 1903. 



I'. Ciiihiso: "Relacion..." 1604. Ibid., vol. 13, p. 81. 1904. 



'Earl) Recoiled Missions," 1624. Ibid., vol. 21, pp. -Ml, 311, L90B. 



I). Am mm Historia..." 1640. Ibid., vol. 30, pp. 179—180. 1905. 



T. Dim/,: "Superstitions and beliefs...," ca. 1731. Ibid., vol. 43, pp. 109—110, 1906. 



