MASON, TEPECANO, A PIMAN LA Mill AGE OF MEXICO 343 



"/.'>. -hi)-, hither from or hence to a distance. 



Combines with perpendicular i to boi, between heaven and earth. 



aticbohi'moD we come from afar 



napbbida'di from above thou sendest health 



44. -no-, here (arrival and rest). 



amti'nbnio hither they spoke. 



MODAL PARTICLES 



While it is impossible to draw a definite line of distinction be- 

 tween the two categories, yet the medial verbal particles for the 

 most part express modal distinctions, while the final particles, the 

 verbal suffixes, express mainly ideas of tense. This often equivocal 

 distinction has therefore been adopted as the basis for a convenient 

 designating nomenclature. 



45. -to, positive. 



This is one of the most frequent and most equivocal of medial 

 particles. It is never translated and its nature must be determined 

 by its force when in combination with other particles. It is never 

 found with negative sentences and when combined with the negative 

 particle nullifies the effect of the latter ; it has therefore arbitrarily 

 been termed "positive". It is probably identical with a like par- 

 ticle which precedes most adjectival stems and may be considered 

 as the sign of the adjective. It is invariably found with positive 

 desiderative forms. The vowel i is weak and is generally assimi- 

 lated by any other vowel with which it may be combined, as 

 frequently with the completive a to -ac-. Frequently it is redu- 

 plicated to -icic- or -ieae- without apparent cause or modification in 

 meaning. Innumerable instances of it occur in the accompanying texts. 



anichi'voinic I am bewitching 



ana'ctonowi I am thirsty 



anichi'am 1 wish to urinate 



picacko-'cim do you wish to sleep? 



icda'tpam dear, pure 



46. -iam-, negative. 



The negative particle is occasionally found independently as yam, 

 but is rare without the confines of the verbal complex. Here it 

 carries different significations according to its position as regards 

 other particles, particularly the positive -ic-. 



