348 ANNALS NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 



53. -pu-, emphatic of subject. 



This is one of the most frequent and most colorless of the medial 

 [•articles, following closely after the pronominal subject. In many 

 cases its significance is weak. It should not be confused with the 

 adverbial particle -pu-, related to the adverb Jut' pit. "thus", which 

 falls toward the end of the medial particles. When a translation 

 of -pu- was insisted upon it was generally interpreted as emphasizing 

 the pronominal subject. 



aniputuga'gara I personally will go alone to seek 



anipuraa'kia 1 am the one who will give him 



54. -tu-, indefinite object. 



This is also one of the commonest and weakest of medial elements. 

 It is rarely translated, but when done it is by the Spanish neuter 

 article "lo". It seems on the whole to relate to the indefinite, 

 inanimate pronominal object somewhat as -pn- relates to the subject. 

 but in many cases seems to be interjected solely for euphony or 

 to separate and designate other elements. 



55. -A'/-, proximate time. 



This particle is translated, when translated at all, by the Spanish 

 idiomatic term "'horita", "presently, in a moment". It seems 

 on the whole to denote immediate time, either just passed or just 

 approaching but is generally found with the preterit sign and stem 

 form, even when denoting future time. 



anti'kilii 1 am going 



a'nikihi'mia while I go 



a'ntikihi'mok I was going 



anti'kiko'i 1 am going to sleep 



anti'ckikoi I just slept a moment 



anti'kituhu' I am going to eat in a moment 



anti'ckituhu' I have just eaten 



anickihi'dora I will cook it in a moment 



56. -mu-. subsequent. 



kupimiarcra/a'Gda yon must not afterwards say 



pimia'nrasa'nda you must not afterwards weep 



This particle may not improperly be considered as an incorporated 

 temporal adverb. 



57. -icap-. coterminous 



The adjectival particle -<'/>-, "good, well", under certain conditions 

 assumes an idiomatic significance and is translated "as soon as". 



