MASON, TEPECAXO, A PIMAN LANGUAGE OF MEXICO 375 



include in their complex one or more directive particles, but there 

 are furthermore independent adverbs compounded of from one to 

 four locative particles which are of frequent occurrence. 



The more definite of these particles occupy initial place in an 

 adverbial compound and are seldom incorporated in the verb. Their 

 exact connotation is uncertain but their translations and use seem 

 to indicate the following values : 



r'na, i''n(i) here, right here 



a'mi very near, nearby 



numa" nearby and beneath, below 



duba'' nearby and above, over, (below?) 



na'iivo middle distant, above, higher 



a'mo distant, (below?) 



a'bi very distant, above 



a'ni round about, all around 



In second place follow two less definite elements mo and ho. 

 These are very difficult to define; ho seems to refer principally to 

 rest, mo to motion, but there are numerous apparent inconsistencies. 

 Another interpretation is that they may qualify the initial locative 

 element as more or less near or far. 



In final position may stand one of two locative postpositions, 

 -van or -dor. The latter is often found in purely postpositional 

 relations, the former seems to be purely locative, -dor denotes 

 "from" while -van denotes "at", possibly also "to". 



These three classes of locative elements may combine in almost 

 any possible compound, such as 



INDEFINITE IND TNTEBS06ATI7E LOCATIVE PARTICLES 



The interrogative locative is expressed by the particle pa-. The 

 indefinite or relative is expressed by a similar prefix i>i-. Both 

 are frequently prefixed to verbs as proclitics. 



pinanitgo'i ( the house) where I was born 



piho'van where 



pador whence? 



pa-pso'pukio where do you live? 



