268 The South American Characinidae 



HH. Caudal fin without bands.* 



J. Amd, dorsal and caudal fiun with red markings, .s«(7r.s in dl rows. 

 llie Ijlackish lunneial and caudal spots indistinct. Tlie trian- 

 fiular vermilion spot on the caudal surrounds the hasal black 

 spot. Head 4.2, depth 3.3. A. 26-27, scales 5.]-35-4. 



69. phoenicopteriis. 

 JJ. Xo red markings on the fins. 

 K. Scales in 15 rows. 



L. A broad silvery band, head 4, depth 2, scales 7-37-8. 

 A. 29. Tlie do];sal a sliort distance beliind tlie origin of 

 the ventral. Maxillary reaches a little beyond the orbit. 



70. orientalis. 



LL. Head 3|, depth 2t-2j, maxillary reaches the anterior, 

 of the eye. A. 28, scales 8-35 or 36-7. 



71. panamensis. 

 KK. Scales in less than 15 rows. 



M. Head less than 4 in the length. ISIaxillary extends be- 

 yond the anterior border of the orbit. Plead 32, depth 3. 

 A. 25, scales 6-37 or 28-5 73. scabrlpinnis. 



]MM. Head 4, or more than 4 in the length. 



N. A hand-like eaiKbd spot, sometimes extending forward 

 to the indistinct humeral spot. Maxillary toothless, 

 extends distinctly beyond the anterior margin of the 

 eye. Origin of dorsal fin immediately behind the base 

 of the ventrals. Head 4-4i, depth 2§-2i, A. 25-29, 

 scales 6 to 7, 30 to 39, 4^ to 6 t74. rutilus. 



XN. Ko hand-like caudal spot, a silvery lateral band. 

 Maxillary toothless, extends beyond the anterior border 

 of the eye. Snout rather compressed. Head 4, depth 



3. A. 27, scales 7-37-7 76. petenensis. 



FF. A sih ery lateral band, and band-like blackisli caudal spot. Head 

 4-4^, depth 2|, interorbital much more than diameter of the eye. 

 ]\Iaxillary terminates below the front margin of the eye. Origin of 

 dorsal fin behind tlie root of the ventrals. Scales 7-35 to 37-8. 



77. microphthalmus. 



FFF. Xo distinct lateral band present in adult specimens. 



O. Humeral and caudal spot present, the latter sometimes extending 

 to the and of some of the rays. Humeral spot vertically elongate, 

 situated in the centre of a pale area which is bovinded posteriorly by 

 a vertically curved border. Head 4, depth 2}, scales 6 to 8-36-6^. 

 A. 27-28 98. jactihiensis. 



00. Humeral or caudal spot absent. 



P. No humeral spot, caudal spot jj resent, deptli more than twice in the 



T. carolince Gill (72) is perhaps related to T. phunicoptcru.^ Cope. 

 ^T. rutilus jeqidtinhonhce (7.5) has scales ;^. A. 2(!, head A},^, depth 3 



