CONTENTS wi 



CHAPTER PAGE 



18. Phyla of Lesser Significance 264 



Ctenophora — Rotif era — Gastrotr icha — Bryozoa— Phoronidea— B r a ch i o - 

 poda— Chaetognatha— Nemertea— Onychophora— Classification— Review 

 questions. 



19. Soft-Bodied Animals — The Mollusks 271 



Characteristics of phylum— Fresh-water clam— Oysters — Pearl forma- 

 tion—Snails—Slugs—Squids—The octopus— The chambered nautilus- 

 Chiton — Scaphopods — Classification — Review questions. 



20. Animals With Spiny Skins— The Echinoderms 288 



Characteristics of phylum— Echinoderm theory of chordate ancestry — 

 The starfish— Brittle stars— Sea urchins— Sand dollars— Sea cucumbers 

 — Sea lilies — Classification — Review questions. 



21. Climax of the Animal Kingdom — Phylum Chordata .... 300 



Chordate characteristics — Hemichordata — Urochorda— Cephalochorda— 

 Vertebrata — Classification — Review questions. 



22. The Vertebrate Body — Support, Protection, Movement, 



and Coordination in the Frog and Man 308 



Skeletal system— Muscular system— Nervous system— Review questions. 



23. The Vertebrate Body (cont.) — Nourishment, Respiration, 



and Distribution in the Frog and Man 330 



Digestive system— Respiratory system— Circulatory system— Review 

 questions. 



24. The Vertebrate Body (cont.)— Excretion, Reproduction, 



and Regulation in the Frog and Man 349 



Excretory system— Reproductive system— Endrocine system— Review 

 questions. 



25. Aquatic Vertebrates — Cyclostomes and Fishes 366 



Round-mouthed eels, the cyclostomes— Cartilaginous fishes, the 

 Chondrichthyes— Bony fishes, the Osteichthyes— Classification— Review 

 questions. 



26. The Transition to Land 378 



The amphibia— Salamanders and newts— Frogs and toads— The reptiles 

 —Land eggs and water eggs— Prehistoric reptiles— Turtles— Crocodiles 

 and alligators— Lizards— Snakes— Classification— Review questions. 



27. The Birds 404 



Economic importance — Characteristics— Warm-bloodedness — Adapta- 

 tions for flight— Reproduction— Migration— Typical birds— Review 

 questions. 



28. The Mammals 426 



Characteristics— Monotremes— Marsupials— Insectivores— Chiroptera— 

 Carnivores — Ungulates — Cetaceas — Proboscidea — Sirenia — Rodents — 

 Lagomorpha— Edentates— Primates— Classification— Review questions. 



