Contents 



CHAPTER PAGE 



1 . The Scope of Zoology 1 



Introductory remarks — Nature of science — Scientific method — Research 

 — Scientific method in action — Controlled experiment — Scientific attitude 

 — Practicality of scientific research — Divisions of science — Nature of 

 life — Spontaneous generation — Plants and animals — Branches of zoology 

 — Review questions. 



2. The Cell as a Fundamental Unit of Life 18 



Discovery and naming of the cell— Formulation of the cell theory — 

 Parts of a cell— Cell metabolism — Two cells from one— Mitosis— Twins 

 and mitosis — Regulation of mitosis — Chromosome number — Review 

 questions. 



3. The Chemistry of Life 34 



Protoplasm as chemical base of living matter— Nature of matter- 

 Divisions of matter— Nature of atoms and molecules— Isotopes of atoms 

 —Ionization of molecules— Acids and bases— Kinds of mixtures— Or- 

 ganic and inorganic compounds — Chemical composition of protoplasm — 

 Review questions. 



4. Movements of Materials Into and Out of the Cell 51 



Nature of plasma membrane— Diffusion— Diffusion through a membrane 



— Selective nature of living membranes Osmosis — Diffusion and 



osmosis in the cell— Filtration— Surface-volume ratio of cells— Review 

 questions. 



5. Vital Animal Life Processes 64 



Digestion— Respiration— Excretion— Sensory reactions— Transportation 

 —Reproduction— Tissues, organs, and organ systems— Organ systems- 

 Review questions. 



6. Animal Classification — Taxonomy / 4 



Need for a system of classification— Origin of modern taxonomy- 

 Formation of scientific names— Classification groups— Interspecific 

 sterility — Review questions. 



7. One-Celled Animals — Phylum Protozoa 84 



Economic importance of Protozoa— Protozoa with false feet, the Sar- 

 codina— Protozoa with flagella, the Mastigophora— Spore-bearing Pro- 

 tozoa, the Sporozoa— Protozoa with cilia, the Ciliata— Stalked Protozoa, 

 the Suctoria — Classification— Review questions. 



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