7G TIIE YEAR-BOOK OF AGRICULTURE. 



all in n single year. Hero, in a country of such vast extent, emhraeing every climate, with hill- 

 sides and plaint faTorable for the cultivation of the grape, and native vines overspreading the 



forests and marshes bo almost every State, we, professing to be a great agricultural | pie, 



so far have closed our eyes to these great facts] and, except in a few instances, neglected to 



avail ourselves of the most fruitful source of national wealth ever within the reach of man. 



Manufacture of Wine in Georgia. 



Thk Southern Cultivator states that the attempt to manufacture wine from a native grape 

 has been successfully tried by Mr. A. hoary, of Munroc county, Georgia. The grape is 

 known as the* " Warronton," and the produce is at the rate of eight hundred gallons per acre. 

 The wine resembles the Madeira, and is high-flavored and mild. 



Improvements in the Manufacture of Sugar. 



C. IIustixos Colette, of London, has recently obtained a patent for improvements in tho 

 manufacture of sugar, the specification of which we give somewhat in full, knowing how 

 important a manufacture this is to a very large class of agriculturists. 



This invention consists in an improved mode of treating cane-juice, molasses, beet-root 

 juice, and other saccharine juices and syrups, for the purpose of obtaining sugar therefrom, 

 freed or separated from the impurities and other substances with which it is mixed. 



It has ' ii for some time known that the yield of sugar from cane-juice, molasses, beet- 

 root juice, and other saccharine juices, is smaller than it ought to be; and the cau&e of this 

 small yield has been attributed to the use of a large quantity of charcoal to clarify the 

 syrup, whereby a considerable proportion of sugar becomes absorbed, notwithstanding the 

 most careful manipulation; the molasses produced by many of the ordinary processes often 

 containing nearly as much as 50 per cent, of crystalline sugar. 



For the purpose of avoiding these evils, the following process is employed: The juices, 

 molasses, or syrups (obtained by any of the usual means from the sugar-cane, beet-root 01 



other plants containing saccharine matters) are introduced into the defecation pan, together 

 with the quantity of lime or lime-water necessary for defecation. About 30 or 40 per cent. 

 of lime is sufficient for this purpose. As soon as the lime has produced the requisite effect 

 upon the liquid, a sufficient quantity of superphosphate of lime is added to it for the purpose 

 of neutralizing the lime, asually in the proportion of about '■'• parts of the superphosphate of 

 lime to 100 parts of the juice. The superphosphate of lime maybe osed at 1° Beaume's 



hydrometer, or at any higher degree; and it LB to bo added a an\ reddish litmus- 



paper, dipped into the juice, i- turned blue. Should too muob superphosphate of lime 

 happen to be added, this error can bo rectified by the immediate addition of as much lime 

 or lime-water as the superphosphate of lime in the solution wiU neutralize. Ti.e mixture 



will, by the ahove pr ss, h me thiek and turgid, an I lnu-t be filtered, which may be 



done in the ordinary manner through filtering-bags; and the filtered juice or syrup is then 

 to be ooi ■' l to 18° Beaume, when it will again beoome turgid or thickened. For the 



purpose of Separating any impurities Which may still remain in tin' juiee or Byrup, super- 



tte of lime is again added, so long as litmus-paper, dipped in the juiee. is turned 

 blue, after which the mixture is again passed through the filter; and the filtered fluid thus 

 obtained must be concentrated to produce the crystallization of as much sugar as can 



feted iii this manner, and the vaeuum pan and Crystallizing tubs may be Used in the 

 il way for this purpose. Sugar refined or purified in this manner may be again 1 solved 



or converted into syrup, and again submitted to the process, foe the purpose of further 



pui it'\ in : it. 



The crystallized sugar thus formed is then to be separated bo the usual way from tho resi- 

 dual juiee or syrup with which it is mi 



-i'lual juiee or Syrup a further ipl antity of BUg IT may lie obtained by the 



following pr.".- : The juices or syrups are diluted to about 28° Beaume with water or 

 with some sweet juice, (the defecated Jul f beet-root being preferred,) and limo or 



