AGRICULTURAL MECHANICS AND RURAL ECONOMY. 



95 



which passes through the plate B of the casting, and also through the harrow-frame. This 

 bolt, as it has a hook J on its inner end, serves for locking the harrow tooth in either of the 

 grooves of the casting; and also as said screw passes entirely through the casting and frame A, 

 it serves for locking the casting firmly to the frame A. There is a nut on the outer end of the 

 screw-bolt. This nut, by being turned, causes the hook on the screw-bolt to bear against the 

 tooth, and thereby causes the parts to be firmly clamped together. The screw-bolt I J is so 

 arranged in relation to the two grooves, being between them, that its hook J serves for lock- 

 ing the tooth H in both the positions described. 



It is by providing the casting with two grooves — one oblique and the other straight — that the 

 harrow tooth can be adjusted from a vertical to an oblique position, and vice versa; and pro- 

 viding the tooth with a series of notches e e e, it can be set to any depth desired. 



Making harrow teeth adjustable as described is an important idea, for in case their points 

 are broken off, they can be sharpened, and the teeth lowered so as to stand even with the 

 others. And also by securing the teeth to the frame, as described, they can, in case they are 

 broken, be removed with ease and facility, and others secured in their places with like facility. 



It is also an advantage, in connection with the adjusting arrangement, to have the teeth ca- 

 pable of being set straight or oblique, for in case it is desired to harrow shallow-plowed soil, 

 then the teeth can be set straight, and in case it is desired to harrow soil which is plowed to 

 a greater depth, then the teeth can be set obliquely, and also lowered to the depth desired. 

 By setting the teeth obliquely, they enter the soil more readily. 



Improvements in Harrows. 



The accompanying engraving represents a form of harrow devised by Mr. W. B. Hanford, 

 of Walton, N. Y., and described by him in The Country Gentleman. Mr. H. describes its con- 

 struction as follows : 



" It consists of two V-harrows, attached 

 one behind the other, and about eighteen 

 inches apart, as represented in the accom- 

 panying cut. The frame should be made 

 of three-by-four white-oak scantling, but 

 second-growth white ash, or very solid 

 blue soft maple will answer, when it is 

 desired to have them as light as possible. 

 The forward harrow is made with a centre 

 piece framed into a brace, and is two feet 

 one inch from the forward tooth to the 

 inside of the brace ; the brace is framed 

 into the side pieces or wings on either 

 side, and forward of the three back teeth. 

 The wings are five feet five inches, from the 

 forward to the hind tooth, containing five 

 teeth in each wing, and one forward in 

 the centre piece, and six feet three inches 

 across the hind teeth. The hind harrow 

 is made in the same manner as the forward 

 one, except that the brace must be placed 

 farther back, and forward of only two 

 hind teeth on each side, and the wings 

 are four feet ten and a half inches from the 

 centre of the middle piece to the hind 

 tooth, with five teeth in each wing, but 

 none in the middle, and set in such a manner as to exactly divide the space between the for- 

 ward teeth, and mark three and three-fourths inches from centre to centre of the furrows of 

 the teeth, the outside teeth of the hind harrow marking within the outside teeth of the for- 



