428 FAUNA HAWAIIENSIS 



I. NEMATODA. 

 The following Nematodes are recorded by Dr Lutz : — 



(i) Ascaris himbricoides L. 



This was found with Ancylostoma duodenale but also — and this was especially the 

 case in children — alone. It is said to be very common among the poorer inhabitants. 



(2) Trichocephalus dispar Rud. 



This was determined only from eggs which passed from the intestine. It appeared 

 to be widely distributed but not in very great numbers. 



(3) Oxyurus verniicularis L. 



Observed in one white family who had become infected through an adopted child. 

 It is a very common parasite among the poor. 



(4) Strongyloides intestmalis Bavery. 



This parasite was observed in company with Ancylostoma duodenale, but in the 

 larval state. It apparently produced no special symptoms, and Dr Lutz repeats his 

 doubts as to its beins: the cause of the so-called Cochinchina-diarrhoea. 



'& 



(5) Ancylostoma duodenale Dubini. 



The anaemia and accompanying troubles due to the presence of this parasite are 

 very common in the Hawaiian Archipelago. Dr Lutz found it only amongst the 

 Portuguese, employed for the most part in the sugar plantations and careless about 

 their supply of drinking water. These Portuguese came not from Europe but from 

 Madeira and the Azores and it seems probable that they brought their parasites with 

 them. Dr L. F. Alvarez of the "Hospital for the Treatment of Leprosy" tells me 

 that this entozoon is very common amongst the Portuguese labourers of the city of 

 Hilo and its neighbourhood in the Island of Hawaii. It produces a very severe form 

 of anaemia. 



(6) Sclerostomum armatum Dies. 



This parasite was found in the Horse and at least in one district was the cause of 

 the death of the host. 



(7) Filaria iminitis Leidy. 



Found in the heart of dogs. It is widely spread through the Pacific Islands'. 



' Shipley, P. Cambridge Soc. vni. 1892 — 5, p. 211. 



