292 



THE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [October i, 1885. 



per pound of tea allowance must be made for re- 

 firing aiid for stoppage of "work consequent on the 

 roll not being always raedy for firing when wanted. 

 If wo could get coal at liSO a ton, which we shruld 

 be able to do when the demand is greater, there 

 need b" nn more anxiety on the sf^re of fuel. — 



Yours faithfully, 



H,D. DEANE, 



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FUNGUS ON LIBERIAN COFFEE. 



24tli August 1SS5. 



Sin, — i bog to submit an old question in a new 

 light, if you think it worih while to entert.r:n it. 



Enclosed substance is scraped from leaves of 

 Libetian coBee, and oon-iets, 1 believe, of gummy 

 exudation therefrom and atmosphi-rie depisit upon 

 the gum. I have a few trees growing under lee 

 of la ridge of rocks which lies about N. W. and 

 S. E. and those few trees are comparativtly free 

 from the deposit. I think that the weakening 

 effect of this deposit is indirectly the cause of 

 scalebug. Guavas, oranges and Arabian crff'H in 

 some situations ai-e all subject lo it. Perhaps 

 your chemical referee may like to examine the 

 substance in this light. — Your respectfully, A 

 QUKRIST. 



[The floky substance sent by " A Querist " is 

 comijoscd entirely of a fine netwoik of fiingus ia 

 fruit, which is planily visible under (he micro;>cope 

 so our acientific referee reports. — Ed.] 



ME. AEMSTEONG'S PAPEE ON TEA : 

 THE POWEE OF WATEE-WHEELS. 



Colombo, 2nd Sept. 1885. 



De.vr Sir, — Mr. Armstrong's valuable paper on 

 tea manufacture, read the other day before a meeting 

 of the Maskeliya Planters' Association, bears one 

 blemish, his allusion to a subject of which he 

 has a very feeble hold — the water-wheel. 



It is surprising that a man of Mr. Armstrong's 

 calibre should share the opinion of every novice 

 and believe that the power of a water-wheel 

 depends chiefly on its diameter. " Lots of water " 

 is vague in the extreme, as no wheel requires 

 more water than its buckets can contain. Is it 

 not time our teachers understood that the power 

 of a water-wheel should be reckoned from the 

 quantity of water passing through its buckets, 

 while the fall or diameter of wheel is really 

 of secondary importance ? 



A given quantity (say 480 cubic feet) of water 

 per minute passes over a 20-feet wheel (Mr. 

 Armstrong's excelsior size) — pass the same water 

 over an 18 or even 16 feet wheel (those that would 

 have been "lumber" but for the advent of the 

 " Ceylon Boiler") and state the difference in 

 power developed. 



SpUt the hair. Oh ye would-be teachers 1 — Yours 

 truly, D. K. M. 



»^ 



GEAFTING LEDGEBIANAS UPON 

 SUCCIEUBEAS. 



S. India, Sept. 1885. 



Sin, — My attention was lately called to a very 

 iijteresting letter, by Mr. W. T. Kemp, on this 

 .subject in the T. A. for November 1882. 



1 see it is Btated that for all grafting done in 

 the open-air the grafts must either be protected 

 by a bamboo cylinder or else bottomless bottles : 

 is this protection absolutely uecessary ? 



Another question : of what length should the 

 Ledgeriana cuttings, to be grafted, be? 



All answer to the above two questions will 

 greatly oblige, yours ■ faithfully, 



CINCHONA PLANTEB. 



[Perhaps Mr. Wni. Smith will answer these 

 questions, as he was the planter who first tried 

 open-air grafting and was most successful. We 

 believe ho at first sheltered his trees by bottom- 

 less bamboo baskets, inverted, but that he ultim- 

 ately discarded shelter of all kinds. Had the 

 value of cinchona bark kept up, he wcnild have, 

 doubtless, persevered with tlie process and made n 

 larjje fortune,— Ep.] 



