084 



I'HE TROPICAL AGRICULTURIST. [April i, 1886. 



and with whi'ish greeu flowers. The flowers had so 

 trong au alliaceous smell, that he could hardly support 

 he ^luell whil-i I'rawiiig the plane. It yielded a second- 

 -ate guttapei jUh. 

 4. Dichop^ts Mottleyana. — Synonym — Isonandra mot' 

 tn/anri, De Vriese. Vernacular name — Kotian. Re- 

 marks— Mo rt ry, who found this tree also in Borneo, 

 •emarli,-, " A very tall and straight tree, with snnoth 

 reddish-grey bark, reddish within, yielding when wounded 

 .t copirius flow of milky juice, which hardens to a 

 white Wiixy resin, brittle when old, but readily softened 

 liy ht-at. Wood, reddish-white, wooly in texturej soon 

 decaying in the weather, but good for housework. 

 The KUiu is said to be used to adulterate the inferior 

 'iiads of guttapercha ; it is certainly unsaleable alone. 

 From the seed is expressed an oil used for lamps, 

 and when fresh, for cooking. Grows in deep bogs, where 

 its roots ar'i under water for five mouths in the year.'' 



5. Dichopsif ohovata. — Synonym — Sassia obovata, 

 (Jriffiths. Keniarks — This guttapercha yielding plant 

 is found in the Tenasserim provinces, and in Borneo. 



G. Fayena, puhtrida. — Synonym — Isonandra pnhnruhi^ 

 Miquel. Remarks — Is found in Sumatra, and attains 

 a height of 60 ft. to SO ft. 



7. Payeua dutiyphj/Ua. — Synonym — jHonajidra dasij- 

 pht/lla, Miquel. Remarks— Known under the name of 

 Gutta Benton, and is fouad in Borneo and Sumatra, 

 iccording to Motley, it !yields a second rate gutta, and 

 is chiefly used for purposes of mixing with finer 

 lualilies. The tree grows in dry woods, having hard, 

 .vhite, and heavy timber, black, bard, and smooth bark, 

 .;nd abundant foliage. 



8 Fayei} I Wiyktii. — Synonyms — Ceratephorus Jri{/lUu, 

 Hassk.; /xonandra polymidra, Wight. Remarks — A 

 ■umatrau tree. 



9. Fiit/ena Leeri. — Synonyms — Ceratephorus Leeri, 

 lassk. ; Azaohi Leeri, T. & B. Vernacular names — 

 '.alem-tjabeh, Balem tandoek, Koelan, Getab Seimdek. 



emarks- This tree, found in Palembeug (Sumatra), 

 iva, and Bankj, is said to yield a very fair gutta. 



10. ? Payeim macropht/llvs. — Synonym— Coi(;of»ia?i</(HS 

 • acropliyl/us, Hasskl. Remarks — This tree, known 

 ader the names of Earel Mundieng and Getah Pertja, 

 , found in Java, and grows to a height of 60 ft. to 70 ft. 



11. CIm/aopltJ/llu'it lanceolatum, D. 0. Synonyms — 

 '. JavatUcum, Steudel ; Ni/ctenstitiov lanccolatv.m, 

 .lume. Remarks — Known as the Kilakkataog, in Java, 

 .ud grows to a height of 60 to 80 ft. 



12. ClivydOphyUuiii rhodoneuron, Hassk. 



13. S!'i/era.3-)//o)? )u<irfij',i!, Blume, theKinjatoe|of Banka 

 .and Kjatoe of Banka. 



11. Sideroxyloii attenuaium, D.C., known as the 

 raroeutoong uud Biuasio, and found in Singapore, Java, 

 Bauka, and Fhillippines. 



15. ? SiJeroxylwii chrysophyllnm, De Vriese, found 

 ia Java. 



16. Baaia, cu-neata, Blume, a tree of 60 to 80 ft. 

 high, f<iuud in the Bantam district in Java. 



17. Massia .cHcea,[Blnme, known as Djeugkot in Java. 



18. Baa^ia nryenti^tt, De A^riese, growing in Java, 



19. J'atmi'^ Ji'.n(/hi(}niianu,'DibYnfse, growing in Java. 

 2U. Jlimusops Muniikara, G. Don, the Manilkora of 



Rheeile, and the Metroddaros Macaasuriends of Rum- 

 phius, growing in Java, 



21. MiiniL-iops acuminata, Blume, known as Gonkot; 

 grows in Sumatra and Java to a height of 80 to 120 

 feel. Remarks — Nos. 12 to 21 are all said to yield 

 a guttapercha which is more or less utilized ; frecpiently, 

 howwver, fur niixtug with better sorts. There are nu- 

 merous varieties of guttapercha which have come 

 miller my notice, to which no botanical position has 

 been aiisigned. A few of those need only be men- 

 tioned here. 



22. Guttapercha Warinyen. — Under this name a 

 Ollt^aporcha is collected on the Kapuas liver in 

 Borneo. The tree ia described as being like the 

 Wariugcu tree {Ficus up. varia), with white wood, and 

 grows in the hilly country, and generally in yellow- 

 clay soil. 



1.'3. Xttii'. — Found on the south coast of Borueu. 

 and s»' i by Mjtley to yield a second-class gutta. 



24 I'lnotM found lu Borneo, and yields a 'hint rate 

 gutta. The tree grows iu hilly districts, and its sap 



is brownish. The leaves aud bark resemble the Obam- 

 paca {Michelia Champaca), but the leaves are redder 

 on the uudev-side. The came Ploot, or P'loot, is a 

 Dyak term, and the only one tliey seem to use for 

 guttapercha, 



25, Guttapercha Papua. — This is a fourth cla"s gutta, 

 and is ni less demand ti'an the two preceding ones. 

 The tree is found on low ground in Borneo, 



20, Gidiaperdia Kiina, — This variety, found also in 

 Borneo, is in very little demand, as it is of low quality 

 it is of a white colour when boiled. 



27. A'a/e?i<T.— Borneo; used only for adulteration, 



28, .fnTitvi'— Same as 27, 



30, Oidtnperdia Klaii. — Same as 27. 



31. Gtitiapfrdta Bcujiny, — This conies nearer in char- 

 acter to the Balata of commerce than any other 

 Eastern product I have met with, and should most 

 assuredly receive attention, " Daging " is the ilalay 

 term for " flesh," and aptly describes the toughness 

 aud gristly character of the generality of lieef one 

 meets with in the East, 



32, Gutta Muntah. — This is unprepared gutta, " Mun- 

 tah " being the Malay for " raw," or *' uncooked." 

 Hence the term is equally applicable, and, indeed, is 

 applied to every variety of unprepared guttapercha. 

 Some J ears since, this name was known and used in 

 the English market, but now is apparently supplanted 

 by thut of " White Borneo." It may be of the best 

 quality of guttapercha, or the very lowest ; which- 

 ever it may be, if not boiled up quickly, it loses all 

 its value, and becomes a mere resinous mass. 



The following names aud remarks on varieties of 

 guttapercha were kindly furnished me by Captain 

 Lingard, who, as a trade and rajah, has had many 

 years' experience of the question in the Brow and ■ 

 Boolongan districts on the east coast of Borneo : — 



33. Getah Kalapeieh Lanyut (Brow). — Lola Lanyut, 

 of Boolongan, is the first and best quality, and is 

 known in the English market as Lingard's " Nina " 

 brand. "Lanvut" means "tough." 



3-1. Getah ktdapeiih Mookas (Brow). — Lola Mookas 

 (Boolongan), is a second quality. The tree yields 

 about 10 per ceut less than the first quality, and is 

 more difficult to cut down, " Mookas " means " spongy," 



3.5, Getah Kalapeieh Kapur (Brow). — Lola Kapur 

 (Boolongan) is a third variety, and yields 10 per cent 

 less than the preceding; in the wet season even 20 

 per cent less. The wood is much harder, and re- 

 quires a stronger and heavier billiong to cut the tree 

 down. — Journal of the Societii of .Arts. 

 ^ — : 



WuEDS. — Having beeu a hop grower, perhaps I may 

 venture to point out the injury sustained from weeds. 

 Since my own retirement 1 have for several years past 

 observed the management of two large growers in the 

 same parish. They both farm highlj' ; but the one who 

 expends tho most on manures of various kinds, getting 

 dung down from London, grows the smaller crops of 

 the two, owing to his neglecting the cleaning of the 

 ground. In Blay and Juue he iuvariably gets behind 

 with the weeding, while his neighbour takes caro to 

 have the laud kept scrupulously clean. Before the 

 picking time his land becomes foul with great weeds, 

 such as chickweed, groundsel, chenopodium, or *' fat 

 hen," which ought to have beeu cut as seedlings in 

 spring aud summer. It sometimes happens during one 

 or two critical weeks in Juue and July, that the hop crop 

 is seen to be hanging iu the balance, owing to the bine 

 having received a check from blight ; and a timely dose 

 of ammoniacal manure will probably push on the growth 

 of the bine aud fruiting ruuuers, and rescue the crop 

 which might otherwise be lust. The clean firmer can 

 thus save his crop, and, if the laud is in high order, 

 the hops will perhaps recover themselves without help. 

 But if the land is foul at that particular period there is 

 no ohanCL for them, owing to the exhaustion of the soil 

 by weeds. The WoWurn and Kothamsted expHriuients 

 prove, and Sir John Lawes has pointed out manv times 

 in his writings, what ro'>bers the weeds are. In com- 

 jvftiliou with routs or cereals, the weed crop, when it 

 hapjicns to bo abundant at the pM-iod of full growth 

 ill suuimer, will drain the resources of the land and 

 do an imaieuse Rmoiiiit of duuiage.—Fifld, 



