62 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Pristiphora cincta ah. nigriventris Hellen, 1943. Notulae Ent. 23: 71 



Biology: Neilson, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 229-234 (idiota on Vaccinium). 

 coactula (Ruthe). Labrador w. to N. W. T., Alaska; Colo.; Europe. Host: Salix, Vacciniumi?). 

 Nematus coactulus Ruthe, 1859. Stettin Ent. Ztg. 20: 307. 9. 

 Nematus Winnipeg Norton, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 198. 9. 

 Nematus alpinus Thomson, 1871. Hym. Scand., v. 1, p. 98. 9, 6. 

 Lygaeonematus pachyvalvis Konow, 1904. Ztschr. System. Hym. Dipt. 4: 253. 9,6. 

 Lygaeonematus winnipegensis Konow, 1905. In Wytsman, Gen. Ins., v. 29, p. 68. Emend, of 



Winnipeg. 

 Pristiphora dawsoni Rohwer, 1908. N. Y. Ent. Soc, Jour. 16: 109. 9. 



Taxonomy: Benson, 1962. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.) Ent., Bui. 12: 395. 

 elaphita Wong and Ross. Sask., N. Mex., Alta., B. C, Calif. 



Pristiphora elaphita Wong and Ross, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 194. 9. 

 erichsonii (Hartig). Newfoundland to Alaska s. to Md., W. Va., Mich., Ill, Minn., Mont, Idaho, 



Oreg.; Europe to Japan. Ecology: Widespread. Possibly introduced. Host: Larix laricina, 



L. occidentalis, L. lyallii, and European and Asian larch species and hybrids. Larch 



sawfly. Numerous papers have appeared on this destructive species; therefore, it is 



feasible to give only selected references below. 

 Nematus Leachei Dahlbom, 1835. Conspectus Tenthred., Siricid., Oryssin. Scand., p. 10. 



Nom. nud. 

 Nematus Leachii Dahlbom, 1835. Clavis Hym., p. 27. Larva. Suppressed by Internatl. 



Comm. Zool. Nomencl., Opinion 906, 1970, Bui. Zool. Nomencl. 27: 8. 

 Nematus erichsonii Hartig, 1837. Fam. Blattwespen und Holzwespen, nebst Einleitung 



Naturgesch. Hym., p. 187. 9 . 

 Nematus notabilis Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 7. 9. 



Taxonomy: Coppel and Leius, 1958. 10th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc 1: 231-238 (variations in 

 populations from Canada, (ilreat Britain, and Japan). —Wong, 1974. Canad. Ent. 106: 

 1121-1131 (identification and origin of strains in N. Amer.). 



Biology: Ives, 1955. Canad. Ent. 87: 301-311 (moisture and selection of cocoon sites). —Ives, 

 1955. Canad. Jour. Zool. 33: 370-388 (estimation of egg populations). — Drooz, 1956. U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Forest Pest Leaflet 8, 4 pp. (rev. 1967). -Graham, 1956. Forest Sci. 2: 132-160 

 (Lake states). — Ruppel, 1958. Ent. Soc. Brit. Columbia, Proc. 55: 32-35 (history in B. C). 

 — Buckner, 1958. 10th Internatl. Cong. Ent., Proc. 4: 353-361 (mammal predators). —Ives 

 and Prentice, 1958. Canad. Ent. 90: 331-338 (sampling techniques). —Ives and Prentice, 

 1959. Canad. Ent. 91: 496-500 (estimates of parasitism). —Graham and Satterlund, 1959. 

 Forest Sci. 5: 28-36 (weather and water levels on cocoons). —Ives and Turnock, 1959. 

 Canad. Ent. 91: 650-661 (estimates of cocoon populations). —Buckner, 1959. Canad. Ent. 

 91: 275-282 (cocoon predation by mammals). —Turnock, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 500-516. 

 —Drooz, 1960. U. S. Dept. Agr., Tech. Bui. 1212, 52 pp. (biology and control; references to 

 most of literature up to 1956). —Turnock, 1960. Canad. Ent. 92: 659-662 (estimation of 

 adult populations). —Maw, 1960. Ent. Gaz. 11: 43-49 (Great Britain). —Ives, 1960. Canad. 

 Ent. 92: 668-674. —Heron, 1961. Canad. Ent. 93: 431-433 (temperature and post-diapause 

 development). —Nairn, et ai, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 242-255 (outbreaks and effects on 

 forest stands). —Turnock and Ives, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 897-902 (cocoon mortality). 

 —Ives, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 256-268 (mortality of eggs and larvae). —Ives, 1963. Canad. 

 Ent. 95: 887-892 (defoliation effect on larval survival). — Pschorn-Walcher and Eichhorn, 

 1963. Comm. Inst. Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 3: 51-82 (ecology and natural control in central 

 Europe). — Frilli, 1964. Milan Univ. Cattolica Sacro Cuore Fac Agr., Ann. 4: 528-586 

 (morpho-biological studies). —Buckner and Turnock, 1965. Ecology 46: 223-226 (avian 

 predators). —Ives and Nairn, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 768-777 (water levels and 

 overwintering survival). — Schmiege, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 671-672 (Alaska). —Smirnoff, 

 1966. Jour. Invert. Path. 8: 360-364 (a microsporidian parasite). —Turnock and McLeod, 

 1966. Ent. Soc Manitoba, Proc 22: 55-60 (n. Man.). —Heron, 1966. Canad. Ent. 98: 561-578 

 (reproductive capacity). —Ives, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1121-1131 (mortality causes). 

 —Heron, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 1150-1155 (heat tolerance of larvae). —Elliott and 



