Superfamily TENTHREDINOIDEA 49 



Larval habits range from free leaf feeders to gall formers, others are leaf edge rollers, leaf 

 miners, and some live and feed inside the fruits of rosaceous plants. The taxonomy of many 

 groups is imperfectly known and few have been recently studied. Because of their abundance in 

 the arctic region, many represent holarctic species, and a worker is met with the major obstacle 

 of having to become familiar with the innumerable forms described from Eurasia. Variation is 

 another factor since the extreme arctic climate may influence major morphological and color dif- 

 ferences within species. For example, females of Amauroneviatus abnonnis (Holmgren) are 

 normally brachypterous, but females with normal wings also exist. Some of the gall forming 

 groups apparently contain species complexes where there are practically no adequate 

 morphological characters for species separation and where identity may have to be based on 

 specific host records and accompanying biological information. Extensive field work and 

 knowledge of the world fauna will be essential to the study of most groups, and such facilities 

 are not available to most taxonomists. 



Revision: Marlatt, 1896. U. S. Dept. Agr. Div. Ent. Tech. Ser. 3, 135 pp. 



Biology: Marlatt, 1895. Ent. Sec. Wash., Proc. 3: 263-267 (notes on some gall forming species). 



Tribe CLADIINI 



Revision: Rohwer and Middleton, 1922. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 1-46 (also biology). 

 —Smith, 1974. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 100: 1-28. 



Genus CLADIUS Illiger 



Cladius Illiger, 1807. Mag. Insektenk. 6: 190. 



Type-species: Tenth redo diffonnis Panzer. Desig. by Latreille, 1810. 



Only one of several species of this holarctic genus is found in North America. 



difformis (Panzer). N. S., Que. to B. C. s. to Va., Ky., Mo., CaHf.; Europe to Siberia. Ecology: 

 Widespread, common on cultivated roses. Host: Rosa. Bristly rose slug. 



Tenthredo diffonnis Panzer, 1799. Faunae Ins. German. 6: 62. 



Nematus crassicomis Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 28. 



Tenthredo {Cladius) isomera Harris, 1835. In Hitchcock, Rpt. Geol. Mineral. Bet. Zool. 

 Mass., p. 583. Nom. nud. 



Cladius isoynerus Norton, 1861. Boston Soc. Nat. Hist., Proc. 8: 223. 9. 



Cladius gracilicomis Konow, 1884. Deut. Ent. Ztschr. 28: 314. 9, S. 



Cladius major Cobelli, 1892. Zool.-Bot. Gesell. Wien, Verb. 42: 70. 9. 



Biology: Murtfeldt, 1890. U. S. Dept. Agr., Ent. Bui. 22: 78. —Chittenden, 1908. U. S. Dept. 

 Agr., Bur. Ent. Circ. 105, 6 pp. —Middleton, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. 

 Mus., Proc. 60: 13. —Middleton, 1922. U. S. Dept. Agr., Farmers' Bui. 1252, 4 pp. 



Genus PRIOPHORUS Dahlbom 



Nematus subg. Priophorus Dahlbom, 1835. Conspectus Tenthred., Siricid., Oryssin., Scand., 

 p. 4. 



Type-species: Priophorus pilicomis Dahlbom. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911. 

 Stevensia BruUe, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym., v. 4, p. 667. No species 

 included. 



Type-species: Priophorus varinesV.) Lepeletier. Desig. by Rohwer, 1922. Rohwer 

 must have meant Pristiphora varipes Lepeletier. 



betulae Rohwer. Newfoundland to N. Y. w. to Alta., S. Dak. Host: Betula. 



Priophorus betulae Rohwer, 1922. In Rohwer and Middleton, U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60: 27. 

 9,6. 

 infuscatus (MacGillivray). Ont., N. H., N. Y. w. to Mich., 111. Host: Salix, Populus{?). 



Craterocercus infuscatus MacGillivray, 1916. Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. Survey Bui. 



22: 106. 9. 

 Trichiocampus pacatus MacGillivray, 1921. Ent. News 32: 48. 9. 

 Trichiocaynpus paetnlus MacGillivray, 1921. Ent. News 32: 48. 9. 

 Trichiocampus palliolatus MacGillivray, 1921. Ent. News 32: 49. 9. 



