Superfamily MEGALODONTOIDEA 

 Family XYELIDAE 



A small family of primitive sawflies better represented in North America than in other parts 

 of the northern hemisphere. Most of the family is associated with conifers; only members of the 

 tribe Macroxyelini are associated with deciduous trees. 



Revision: Ross, 1932. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 25: 153-169 (Nearctic). 



Taxonomy: Klima, 1937. In Hedicke, Hym. Cat. pt. 4, 12 pp. (catalog). —Benson, 1945. Roy. 

 Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 14: 34-37 (generic classification, world). 

 — Burdick, 1959. Kans. Ent. Soc, Jour. 32: 120-122 (fossil). — Rasnitsyn, 1964. Paleontol. 

 Jour. No. 1, pp. 88-96 (fossil). -Rasnitsyn, 1965. Polski Pismo Ent. 35: 483-519 (Xyelinae of 

 world). —Rasnitsyn, 1966. Paleontol. Jour. No. 4, pp. 69-85 (fossil). —Smith, 1967. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 60: 376-384 (larvae). 



Subfamily XYELINAE 



Tribe XYELINI 



Genus XYELA Dalman 



Pinicola Brebisson, 1818. Soc. Philomath, de Paris, Bui. des Sci., p. 116. Preocc. 



Type-species: Pinicola julii Brebisson. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911. 

 Xyela Dalman, 1819. Svenska Vetensk. Akad., Handl. 40: 122. 



Type-species: Xyela pusilla Dalman. Desig. by Curtis, 1824. 

 Mastigocera Klug, 1827. In Berthold, Latreille's Nat. Fam. Thierr. p.442. 

 Tritokreion Schilling, 1825. Schles. Gesell. f. Vaterland. Kult. Ubers., Arb. 2: 43. No 



included species. 

 Neoxyela Curran, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 20. 



Type-species: Neoxyela alberta Curran. Monotypic. 

 Xyelatana Benson, 1938. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc, Ser. B: Taxonomy 7: 35. 



Type-species: Xyela longula Dalman. Orig. desig. 



Larvae of most species of Xyela live and feed in the developing staminate cones of Pinus spe- 

 cies. One species, gallicaulis, forms shoot galls. Adults fly early in the spring and are commonly 

 found in large numbers on the catkins of Salix or Ahius near their host plants. 



Revision: Rohwer, 1913. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc 45: 265-281. -Burdick, 1961. Calif. Univ., 

 Pubs., Ent. 17: 285-353 (also biology). 

 alberta (Curran). Alta., Mont., Wyo., Calif. Host: Piyms contorta. 

 Neoxyela alberta Curran, 1923. Canad. Ent. 55: 20. 9, J. 



