126 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



London, Trans. 87: 359 (genera and subfamilies). — Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. Chinoise (Mus. 

 Heude) 13: 11-189. 



Biology: Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27-76 (biology and parasites). — Wickman, 1964. 

 Canad. Ent. 96: 508-510 (measuring populations). —Cameron, 1965. Commonwealth Inst. 

 Biol. Control, Tech. Bui. 5, 31 pp. (hosts and parasites of Siricinae). — Stillwell, 1966. 

 Forest Science 12: 121-128 (fungus associations). —Morris, 1967. B. C. Ent. Soc, Jour. 64: 

 60-63 (Hosts in B. C). 



Morphology: Tonapi, 1958. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Trans. 110: 492 (spiracular structure and 

 mechanisms). 



Subfamily SIRICINAE 



Genus SIREX Linnaeus 



Sirex Linnaeus, 1761. Fauna Suecica, Ed. 2, p. 396. 



Type-species: Sirex juvencus Linnaeus. Desig. by Curtis, 1829. 

 Paurunis Konow, 1896. Wien. Ent. Ztg. 15: 41, 43. 



Type-species: Sirex juvencus Linnaeus. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911. 



Taxonomy: Cameron, 1967. Canad. Ent. 99: 18-24 (Calif, species). 



Biology: Kirk, 1974. Ga. Ent. Soc, Jour. 9: 139-144 (Sirex and parasites in s.e. U. S.). 

 areolatus (Cresson). Va., Fla.; Colo., N. Mex. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cupressus 

 macrocarpa, Junipenis occidentalis, Libocedrus decurrens, Pinus contorta, P.jeffreyi, 

 P. lambertiana, P. radiata, Pseudotsuga menziesii. Sequoia sempervirens, Taxodium 

 distictum. Found less frequently on pines than on other hosts. Adventive in Europe 

 emerging from lumber. 



Urocerus areolatus Cresson, 1867. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 1: 375. 9. 



Sirex gracilis Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 114. 9. 



Urocerus caeruleus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 34. 9. 



Sirex apicalis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 377. 6. 



Biology: Chamberlin, 1949. Pan-Pacific Ent. 25: 118. — DeLeon, 1952. Pan-Pacific Ent. 28: 85. 

 -Westcott, 1971. Pan-Pacific Ent. 47: 310 (hosts). 

 behrensii (Cresson). Idaho, Nev., Wash., Oreg., Calif. Host: Cupressus macrocarpa, Pi^ius 



Jeffrey i, P. lambertiana, P. pondersa, P. radiata. Adventive in eastern states emerging 

 from buildings. 

 Urocerus behrensii Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 35. 9. 



Morphology: Daly, 1963. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 56: 301. 

 cyaneus Fabricius. Newfoundland to B. C. s. to N. C, 111., Kans., N. Mex., Calif; Europe. Host: 

 Abies balsamea, A. concolor, A. lasiocarpa, Larix europea, L. laricina, Picea glauca, 

 Pinus spp., Pseudotsuga menziesii. Blue horntail. The relationship between cyaneus 

 and jtivencus juvencus (L.) needs clarification. 



Sirex cyaneus Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 419. 9. 



Sirex duplex Shuckard, 1837. Mag. Nat. Hist. (n. s.) 1: 630. 9, d. 



Urocerus nitidus Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 391. 9. 



Sirex abbotii Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 378. 6. 



Sirex hirsutus Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 380. 6. 



Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 38. 



Biology: Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 219-247 (in England). — Chrystal and Myers, 1928. 

 Bui. Ent. Res. 19: 67-77 (natural enemies, England). —Chrystal and Myers, 1928. Empire 

 Forestry Jour. 7: 145-154 (biology and parasites). —Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27 

 (parasites, in Britain). —Parkin, 1941. Nature 147: 329 (fungus association). —Parkin, 1942. 

 Ann. Appl. Biol. 29: 268-274 (fungus association, hypopleural organs). 

 edwardsii Brulle. Que. to Ga. and Ala. w. to Sask., Wis., Ark. Host: Picea abies, Pinus 

 echinata, P. rigida, P. strobus. 

 Sirex Edwardsii Brulle, 1846. hi Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins. Hym., v. 4, p. 645. 9. 

 Urocerus zonatus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 257. i. 



