128 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Biology: Clark, 1933. New Zealand Jour. Sci. and Tech. 15: 188-190. —Miller and Clark, 1935. 

 Bui. Ent. Res. 26: 149 (New Zealand). —Hanson, 1939. Bui. Ent. Res. 30: 27-76. 

 — Rawlings, 1948. New Zealand Jour. Forestry 5: 411. — Rawlings and Wilson, 1949. New 

 Zealand Jour. Forestry 6: 20 (hosts susceptibility). — Gourlay, 1951. Bui. Ent. Res. 42: 21 

 (parasitized by an orussid. New Zealand). —Irvine, 1962. Victoria's Resources 4: 40 (hosts, 

 habits, damage in Australia, Tasmania). —Taylor, 1962. Ent. Rec. and Jour. Var. 74: 273 

 (intercepted in S. Africa). — Coutts, 1965. Australian Dept. Natl. Develop. Forest and 

 Timber Bur., Bui. 41: 3. —Morgan and Stewart, 1966. Roy. Soc. New Zealand, Trans. Zool. 

 7: 195. -Mucha, 1967. Australian Forest Res. 8: 3 (habits, hosts). — Zondag, 1969. New 

 Zealand Jour. Sci. 12: 732-747 (nematode parasite). —Neumann, 1970. Australian Ent. Soc. 

 Jour. 9: 168-169 (white eyed forms and gynandromorphs). 

 varipes Walker. Mont., B. C, Wash., Oreg., Nev., Calif. Host: Abies magnifica, A. lasiocarpa, 



Picea sitchensis, Piyius ponderosa. Adventive in eastern states emerging from timber. 



Probably only a color form of juvencus juvencus or j. califomicus. 

 Sirex varipes Walker, 1866. hi Lord, Naturalist in Vancouver Is. and B. C. v. 2, p. 342. 9. 



Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 37, 48. —Benson, 1963. Ent. Monthly Mag. 98: 

 252 (hybrid of juvencus juvencus (L.) X juvencus califomicus (Ashmead)). 



Genus UROCERUS Geoffrey 



Urocerus Geoffroy, 1785. in Fourcroy, Ent. Parisiensis, pt. 2, p. 363. 



Type-species: Iclmeumon gigas Linnaeus. Monotypic. 

 Xanthosirex Semenov-Tian-Shanskii, 1921. Rev. Russe d'Ent. 17: 86. 



Type-species: Xanthosirex phantasma Semenov-Tian-Shanskii. Orig. desig. 

 albicornis (Fabricius). Newfoundland to B. C. s. to N. C, Mich., Mo., N. Mex., Calif. Host: 



Abies amabalis, A. balsamea, A.fraseri, A. lasiocarpa, Larix laricina, L. occidentalis, 

 Picea engelmanni, P. mariana, P. sitchensis, Pinus sp., Pseudotsuga menziesii. Thuja 

 plicata, Tsuga heterophylla. Adventive in Britain emerging from lumber. 

 Sirex albicornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 419. 9. 

 Urocerus abdominalis Harris, 1841. Rpt. Ins. Mass. Injurious to Veg., p. 392. 3. 

 Sirex stephensii Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 375. 9 . 



Biology: Lintner, 1898. N. Y. State Mus., Ann. Rpt. 51: 338-340. — Chrystal, 1928. Bui. Ent. 



Res. 19: 223. -Reeks and Smith, 1945. Acad. Nat. 2: 12. — Belyea, 1952. Canad. Ent. 84: 



325-335. 

 califomicus Norton. Mont., Colo., N. Mex. w. to B. C, Wash., Oreg. Calif.; Mexico. Host: Abies 

 balsainea, A. concolor, A. lasiocarpa, A. magnifica, A. ywbilis, Larix occideiitalis, 

 Libocedrus decurrens, Picea engelmayini, P. sitchensis, Pinus contorta, P. lambertiana, 

 P. ponderosa, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga heterophylla. Adventive in Britain 

 emerging from lumber. 



Urocerus albicornis var. califortiicus Norton, 1869. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 360. 9. 



Urocerus fulvus Cresson, 1880. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 8: 35. 6. 



Urocerus flavipennis Kirby, 1882. List Hym. Brit. Mus., v. 1, p. 380. 9 . 



Biology: Benson, 1945. Ent. Monthly Mag. 81: 67 (England, in lumber from B. C. and w. U. 

 S.). — Wickman, 1964. Pan-Pacific Ent. 40: 259 (hosts; oviposition). 

 cressoni Norton. N. S., N. B., Que., Ont. to Fla. w. to Wis., Minn. Host: Abies balsamea, A. 



fraseri, Picea sp., Pinus rigida, P. taeda. 

 Urocerus cressoni Norton, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc 3: 16. 9. 

 Urocerus tricolor Provancher, 1869. Nat. Canad. 1: 17. 9. 

 Sirex diniidiafns Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon, p. 115. 9. 

 Sirex Fiskei Ashmead, 1904. Canad. Ent. 36: 63. 9. 



Urocerus cressoni var. unicolor Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 22. 9. 

 gigas flavicornis (Fabricius). Labrador to Alaska s. to N. H., Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Calif.; 



Mexico. Host: Abies lasiocarpa, Larix occidentalis, Picea sitchensis, Pinus contorta, 



Pseudotsuga menziesii. U. gigas gigas (L.) is Palaearctic Adventive in Britain and 



Brazil emerging from lumber. 

 Sirex flavicornis Fabricius, 1781. Species Insectorum, v. 1, p. 418. 

 Sirex bizoiiatus Stephens, 1835. Illus. Brit. Ent., v. 7, p. 342. 



