130 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Sirex pennsylvanicus DeGeer, 1773. Mem. Serv. Hist, des Ins., v. 3, p. 593. 



Sirex cinctus Drury, 1773. Illus. Nat. Hist., v. 2, p. 72. 9. 



Sirex americana Christ, 1791. Naturgesch. Class. Nomencl. Ins., p. 412. 9. 



Tremex obsoletris Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. 6. 



Tremex sericeus Say, 1823. West. Quart. Rptr. 2: 73. 9 . 



Tremex servillei Brulle, 1846. In Lepeletier, Hist. Nat. Ins., Hym. 4: 645. 9. 



Tremex maurus Westwood, 1874. Thesaurus Ent. Oxon., p. 116. 6. 



Tremex hospes Cockerell, 1889. Colo. Biol. Assn. Rpt. 10: [3]. Nom. nud. 



Tremex columba race aureus Bradley, 1913. Jour. Ent. and Zool. 5: 26. 9. 



Taxonomy: Yuasa, 1922. 111. Biol. Monog. 7: 115-116 (larva). 



Biology: Herrick, 1935. Ins. Enemies of Shade Trees, pp. 188-189. — Blackman and Stage, 

 1924. N. Y. State Col. Forestry, Syracuse Univ., Tech. Pub. 17, 24: 156. —Laurent, 1931. 

 Ent. News 42: 67. —Smith, et ai, 1943. Kans. State Bd. Agr. Rpt. 62: 387. — Beal and 

 Massey, 1945. Duke Univ., School Forestry Bui. 10: 70, 155. — Fattig, 1949. Ent. News 60: 

 71. — Stillwell, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 783-784 (Hypopleural organs). — Stillwell, 1967. 

 Canad. Ent. 99: 685-689 (in N. B.). 



Morphology: Holway, 1935. Psyche 42 : 17 (pretarsus). 



Genus ERIOTREMEX Benson 



Eriotremex Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 42. 



Type-species: Tremex smithi Cameron. Orig. desig. 



This genus of about 10 species is found in southeast Asia. The single species taken in the 

 United States is undoubtedly an introduction. 



Taxonomy: Benson, 1943. Bui. Ent. Res. 34: 42 (key to spp.). — Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. 

 Chinoise (Mus. Heude) 13: 127-134, 175-176. —Maa, 1956. Hawaii. Ent. Soc, Proc. 16: 91-92 

 (key to females). 

 formosanus (Matsumura). Ala. (Covington Co., Coffee Co.); Formosa; Indochina. Ecology: In 

 Ala., emerged from firewood (water-oak tree) in home. Accidentally introduced. 

 Tremex formosanus Matsumura, 1912. Thous. Ins. Japan, Sup., v. 4, p. 21, pi. 43, fig. 12. 9. 



Family XIPHYDRIIDAE 



Larvae of this family are wood borers in dead or dying angiosperm trees. Healthy trees and 

 sound wood are not attacked. Adults sometimes emerge from firewood brought into homes, con- 

 sequently arousing concern. The family is cosmopolitan with about 82 species in 22 genera; only 

 one genus is found in North America. 



Revision: Rohwer, 1918. Ent. News 29: 105-111. 



Taxonomy: Hedicke, 1938. Hym. Cat., pt. 7, 17 pp. (world catalog). —Maa, 1949. Notes d'Ent. 

 Chinoise (Mus. Heude) 13: 20-76 (world classification). —Benson, 1954. Roy. Ent. Soc. 

 London, Trans. 105: 151-158. (world classification). 



Biology: Yuasa, 1922. 111. Biol. Monog. 7: 112-114. — Schaffner and Middleton, 1949. In 

 Craighead, U. S. Dept. Agr., Misc. Pub. 657, p. 587. 



Subfamily XIPHYDRIINAE 



Genus XIPHYDRIA Latreille 



Xiphydria Latreille, 1802. Hist. Nat. Crust. Ins., v. 3, p. 304. 



Type-species: Ichneumon caynelus Linnaeus. Monotypic. 

 Hybonotus Klug, 1803. Monog. Siricum German., p. 8. 



Type-species: Ichneumon camelus Linnaeus. Desig. by Rohwer, 1911. 

 XiphydraV.) Panzer, 1806. Krit. Rev. Insektenf. Deutschlands, v. 2, p. 56. 

 Xiphiura Fallen, 1813. Spec. Nov. Hym. Disp. Meth. p. 11. 

 XiphidriaV.) Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 373. 

 Xiphidion Provancher, 1875. Nat. Canad. 7: 374. 



