Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 173 



Type-species: Exothecus affmis Wesmael. Desig. by Foerster, 1862. 



The synonymy of Exothecus with Colastes needs to be confirmed by examination of the 

 type-species. There is no doubt, however, that many species associated with Colastes at present 

 are not congeneric with the type-species. 



Taxonomy: Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. Cat., part 12, p. 1115-1122 (cat. World spp.). 

 alaskensis (Ashmead). Alaska. 



Exothecus alaskeyisis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 252. 

 orchesiae (Ashmead). Mich., Iowa. Host: Orckesia castmiea Melsh. 



Rhysipolis orchesiae Ashmead, 1889 (1888). U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 11: 625. 9. 

 polypori Mason. Que., Man., Wis. Ecology: Reared from the shelf fungus Polyporus betulinus 

 on birch. 

 Colastes polypori Mason, 1968. Canad. Ent. 100: 715. 9, cJ. 



Nomina Nuda in Colastes Haliday 



Colastes basalis Ashmead, 1899. hi Smith, Ins. of N. J., p. 597. 



Colastes microrhopalae Riley, 1890. In Riley and Howard, U. S. Dept. Agr., Insect Life 2: 351. 



Genus GNAPTODON Haliday 



Opius subg. Gnaptodon Haliday, 1837. Ent. Mag. 4: 220. 



Type-species: Bracon pumilio Nees. Monotypic. 

 Diraphus Wesmael, 1838. Nouv. Mem. Acad. Sci. Bruxelles 11: 89. 



Type-species: Diraphus pygmaeus Wesmael. Monotypic. 



This genus has traditionally been placed in the Opiinae, but Tobias (1967) and Capek (1970) 

 have placed it with the Exothecini, which appears to be correct. Morphologically, the genus 

 resembles other genera in this tribe. Species are internal parasites of leaf mining lepidopterous 

 larvae and are apparently restricted to the family Nepticulidae. 



Revision: Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 168-182 (No. Amer. spp.). —Fischer, 1967. 

 Beitr. z. Ent. 17: 969-973 (No. and So. Amer. spp.). 



Taxonomy: Tobias, 1967. Ent. Obozr. 46: 661. —Capek, 1970. Canad. Ent. 102: 861, 871. 

 -Fischer, 1971. Index World Opiinae, p. 127-128 (cat. World spp.). —Shenefelt, 1975. Hym. 

 Cat, part 12, p. 1123-1125 (cat. World spp.). 



Biology: Bachmaier, 1965. Veroff. Zool. Staatssamml. Munchen 9: 139. 

 bicolor Fischer. Va., N. C. 



Gnaptodon bicolor Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 169. 9,6. 

 glaber Fischer. Va., Fla., Utah. Host: Nepticula castaneaefoliella Chamb. 



Gnaptodon glaber Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 171. 9,6. 

 longicauda Fischer. Md. 



Gnaptodon longicauda Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 172. 9. 

 nepticulae (Rohwer). Que., N. Y., Md., D. C, Va., Mich., Wis., Ill, La., N. Mex., Ariz. Host: 

 Nepticula castaneaefoliella Chamb. 



Gnamptodon nepticulae Rohwer, 1915. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 49: 229. 9,6. 



Gnaptodon pulchrigaster Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 176. 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Marsh, 1974. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 76: 285. 

 recticarinatus Fischer. Yukon. 



Gnaptodon recticarinatus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 177. 6 . 

 rugulosus Fischer. N. Y., Oreg. 



Gnaptodon rugulosus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 179. 9,6. 

 sinuatus Fischer. Labrador, Yukon. 



Gnaptodon sinuatus Fischer, 1965. Polskie Pismo Ent. 35: 181. 9, 6. 



NoMEN Nudum in Gnaptodon Haliday 

 Gnamptodon flavibasilaris Ashmead, 1905. In Nason, Ent. News 16: 298. 



