Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 321 



p. (Ethiopian catalog). —Barron, 1975. Nat. Canad. 102: 387-591 (types of Provancher). 

 — Fitton and Gauld, 1976. Systematic Ent. 1: 247-258 (supergeneric names, except those of 

 Ichneumoninae). 



Biology: Cushman, 1926. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 28: 5-6, 29-51. -Clausen, 1940. 

 Entomophagous Insects, p. 61-98. — Townes and Townes, 1951. In Muesebeck, et a/., U. S. 

 Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 184-185. —Townes, 1958. Jour. Econ. Ent. 51: 650-652. 

 —Townes, 1962. Verh. XI Internatl. Kong. f. Ent. Wien 1960, v. 2, p. 738-741. 

 — Sachtleben, 1962c. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 924-939 (various biological indices to Sachtleben 

 1962a [see taxonomy refs.]). —Clancy and Pierce, 1966. Jour. Econ. Ent. 59: 855, 857. 



Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D: Zool. Sci. 15: 221-274 —Sachtleben, 

 1962c. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 923-924 (morphology indices to Sachtleben, 1962a [see taxonomy 

 refs.]). 



Subfamily PIMPLINAE 

 Revision: Townes and Townes (et a/.), 1960. U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 3-436. 



Taxonomy: Cushman, 1921. U.S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 60 (4): 1-6 (key to tribes). — Oehlke, 1964. 

 Ent. Abhandl. 29 (10): 533-590 (keys to Palearctic tribes and genera). — Finlayson, 1967. 

 Canad. Ent. 99 (1): 1-8 (final-instar larvae). —Oehlke, 1967. In Ferriere and Vecht, Hym. 

 Cat., pt. 2, 49 pp. (catalog, western Palearctic species). — Aubert, 1969. Ichn. Ouest-Pal. et 

 Leurs Hotes, pt. 1, 302 p. (catalog). —Townes, 1969. Amer. Ent. Inst., Mem. 11: 59-142 

 (genera of world). 



Morphology: Pratt, 1939. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 32: 727-742. 



Tribe PIMPLINI 



Taxonomy: Perkins, 1943. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist. (ser. 11) 10: 249-273. 



Genus EXERISTES Foerster 



Exeristes Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 164. 



Type-species: Pimpla roborator Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by 

 Schmiedeknecht, 1888. 

 Eremochila Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verh. 25: 165. 



Type-species: Pimpla nificollis Gravenhorst. Monotypically included and desig. by 

 Schmiedeknecht, 1888. 



Members of this genus are usually parasites of Pyralidae or Olethreutidae. 



comstockii (Cresson). Southern Que., s. to Fla., w. to B. C. and Calif. Host: Barbara 



colfaxiana siskiyouana (Kft.), B. colfaxiana taxifoliella (Bsk.), Eucosyna monitorana 

 Heinr., Laspeyresia caryana (Fitch), L. cupressana (Kft.)?, L. torenta (Grt.), L. 

 youngana (Kft.), Petrova albicapitana (Bsk.), P. comstockiana (Fern.), Rhyacionia 

 buoliana (D. and S.), R.frnstrana (Com.), R. rigidana (Fern.), Dioryctria amatella 

 (Hulst), D. auranticella (Grt.), D. clariolaris (Wlk.), D. disclusa Heinr., D. zimmermanni 

 (Grt.), Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.). 

 Ephialtes Comstockii Cresson, 1880. In Comstock, U. S. Dept. Agr., Ann. Rpt. for 1879, p. 

 235. 9. 



Biology: Cushman, 1927. Jour. Agr. Res. 34: 616. —Miller, 1953. Ohio Jour. Sci. 53 (1): 60. 



-Arthur, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 1079-1085. 

 roborator (Fabricius). Eurasia. Introduced but never established in Ontario (1957-1958) and 

 various points in the U. S. (1924-1932). Host: Ostrinia nnbilalis Hbn., Rhyacionia 

 buoliana (D. and S.). The hosts listed were the target species for introductions into 

 North America, but other hosts have been recorded in Europe. 



Ichneumon roborator Fabricius, 1793. Ent. System., v. 2, p. 17(). 9. 



Pimpla longicauda Brulle, 1833, (1832). Exped. Sci. de Moree, v. 2, p. 379. 9. 



Xorides aegypticus Walker, 1871. List Hym. Coll. ... Red Sea and Arabia, p. 3. 9. 



Pimpla jlavipenyiis Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 234. 9. 



Pimpla nodosa Rudow, 1883. Ent. Nachr. 9: 235. 9. 



