342 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Biology: Ryan, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 205-208. —Ryan and Medley, 1972. Ent. Soc. 



Amer., Ann. 65: 172-177. 

 vesca Townes. N. S., P. E. I., N. B., Maine, Colo., N. Mex., Ariz., Alaska, B. C, Calif. Host: 

 Acleris variana (Fern.), Coleophora laricella (Hbn.), Coleotec finite s milleri (Bsk.). 



Itoplectis vesca Townes, 1960. In Townes and Townes, U. S. Natl. Mus. Bui. 216 (pt. 2): 

 297. <J, 9. 

 viduata (Gravenhorst). N. W. T. s. to N. Mex., w. to B. C. and Calif.; Eurasia. Host: Ancylis 

 comptana (Froel.), Autographa califomica (Spey.), Choristoneura rosaceana (Harris), 

 Colias eurytheme Bdv., Malacosoma sp., M. disstria Hbn., M. califomicum fragile 

 (Stretch), M. califomicum pluviale (Dyar), Orgyia pseudotsugata McD., Hemileuca 

 oliviae Ckll., Nymphalis califomica (Bdv.). 



Pimpla viduata Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 3, p. 214. i . 



Pimpla atrocoxalis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 145. 9. 



Pimpla ovalis Thomson, 1877. Opusc. Ent. 8: 748. 9. 



Pimpla meridionalis Kriechbaumer, 1877. Ent. Nachr. 8: 120. 9. 



Genus EPHIALTES Schrank 



Ephialtes Schrank, 1802. Fauna Boica, v. 2, p. 316. Some authors regard Ephialtes Schrank 

 as an unavailable name by virtue of Opinion 159 of the Internatl. Comm. of Zool. 

 Nomenclature, but I do not regard Opinion 159 as valid for reasons discussed in the 

 introduction to the family. 



Type-species: Ichneumon compunctor Linnaeus. Monotypic. 

 Apechthis Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 164. 



Type-species: Ichneumon rufatus Gmelin. Desig. by Ashmead, 1900 (as "Pimpla 

 rubata [!] Gravenhorst") from two species included by Woldstedt, 1877. 

 Apechtis Thomson, 1889. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1410. Emend. 

 Taiwatheronia Sonan, 1936. Nat. Hist. Soc. Formosa, Trans. 26: 256. 



Type-species: Taiwatheronia mahasenae Sonan. Monotypic and orig. desig. The 

 type-species is regarded as a synonym of Ephialtes taiwanus (Uchida). 

 Parapechthis Blanchard, 1936. Soc. Cient. Argentina, An. 122: 404. 



Type-species: Parapechthis bazani Blanchard. Monotypic and orig. desig. 



Taxonomy: Townes, 1957. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 59: 118-119. 

 annulicornis annulicornis (Cresson). Que. s. to N. C, w. to Alta. and Tex. Host: 



Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.), C. rosaceana (Harris). Contrary to the description 

 and key in the revision of the Pimplinae by Townes and Townes (1960), a significant 

 proportion of the males of this subspecies have white marks on the mesoscutum. 



Pimpla annulicornis Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 147. 3,9. 

 annulicornis componotus (Davis), n. status. Idaho, N. Mex., B. C, Oreg., Calif. Host: Orgyia 

 antiqua (L.), 0. leucostigma (J. E. S.), 0. pseudotsugata McD., Neophasia menapia (F. 

 and F.). 



Pimpla componotus Davis, 1898 (1897). Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 24: 367. 6. 



Apechthis pacificus Cushman, 1920. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 58: 353. <S , 9. N. syn. Preocc. in 

 Ephialtes by Harrington, 1894; Cushman, 1920. Townes (1960) treated pacificus as a 

 species distinct from componotus on the basis of male color characteristics (he 

 considered the female of componotus unknown) which do not even work for Cushman's 

 type series of pacificus, which were from a single locality (Portland, Oreg.). Other 

 specimens in the U. S. Natl. Mus. collection further indicate the need for placing 

 pacificus as a synonym of componotus and the need for placing componotus as a 

 subspecies of annulicornis. 

 Ontario (Cresson). Newfoundland (Labrador) s. to N. Y., w. to Alaska and Calif. Host: 



Choristoneura conflictana (Wlk.), C. fumiferana (Clem.), C. pinus Free., Lambdina 

 fiscellaria (Gn.), Nepytia canosaria (Wlk.). 



Pimpla Ontario Cresson, 1870. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 3: 146. S. 



Biology: Ryan, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 205-208. —Ryan and Medley, 1972. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 65: 172-177. 



Morphology: Peck, 1937. Canad. Jour. Res., Sect. D (Zool. Sci.) 15: 248. 



