384 Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico 



Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1291 (generic limits, as Cteniscus). — Townes, 1969. 



Amer. Ent. Inst, Mem. 11: 191-192. 

 clypeatus (Cresson). Que. w. to Alaska, s. to Pa., Colo., and Oreg. 



Cteniscus clypeatus Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. 9. 

 consors (Cresson). Que., N. H., Conn., Md., Ont, Tex., Nev. 



Cte7iiscus consors Cresson, 1868. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 2: 113. 9. 

 flavicoxae (Cresson). Mass., Del. 



Cteniscus flavicoxae Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 283. 9. 



Taxonomy: Mason, 1962. Canad. Ent. 94: 1291. 

 gnathoxanthus (Gravenhorst). Que., Alaska; Europe. 



Tryphon gnathoxayitlins Gravenhorst, 1829. Ichn. Europaea, v. 2, p. 147. 9. 

 marginatus (Thomson). Transcont. in Huds. Zone; Europe. 



Cteniscns marginatus Thomson, 1883. Opusc. Ent. 9: 892. d, 9. 



Ctenisc%is nigrofemoralis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 211. S ■ 



Taxonomy: Roman, 1909. In Hamburg, Naturw. Unters. Sarekgebirges, v. 4, p. 286. —Mason, 

 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. Monog. 2: 227 (syn.). 

 orbitalis (Cresson). Que., Maine, N. Y., Pa., Ont. 



Cteniscus orbitalis Cresson, 1864. Ent. Soc. Phila., Proc. 3: 293. "6" = 9. 

 praeustus (Holmgren). Alaska, Wash.; Eurasia. 



Exentenis praeustus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Handl. (n. f.) 1: 245. 

 9. 

 pygmaeus (Holmgren). Transcont. in Arctic (s. part) and Huds. Zones; n. Europe. 



Exentenis pygmaeus Holmgren, 1857 (1855). Svenska Vetensk.-Akad. Hand!, (n. f.) 1: 245. 



9. 

 Microplectron alaske7isis Ashmead, 1902. Wash. Acad. Sci., Proc. 4: 212. 6. 



Taxonomy: Mason, 1951. In Muesebeck, Krombein, and Townes, U. S. Dept. Agr., Agr. 

 Monog. 2: 228 (syn.). 



Tribe IDIOGRAMMATINI 



This tribe includes Idiogramma and the fossil genus Urotryphon described by Townes (1973) 

 from Cretaceous amber (80 to 90 million years old) collected in the U. S. S. R. 



Taxonomy: Townes, 1973. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 282-287. 



Genus IDIOGRAMMA Foerster 



Idiogramma Foerster, 1867. In Kirchner, Cat. Hym. Europae, p. 67. Nomen nudum. The 



nomen nudum Idiogramma euryops Foerster also appears on p. 67. 

 Idiogramma Foerster, 1868. Naturh. Ver. Rheinlande, Verb. 25: 163. 



Type-species: Idiogramma euryops Schmiedeknecht. By subsequent monotypy from 

 inclusion by Schmiedeknecht, 1868. 

 Macrochasmus Thomson, 1888. Opusc. Ent. 12: 1279. 



Type-species: Macrochasmus alysiinus Thomson. Monotypic. 

 Lysiognatha Ashmead, 1895. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 3: 276. 



Type-species: Lysiognatha comstockii Ashmead. Monotypic. 



Members of this Holarctic genus parasitize larvae of Xyela in the staminate cones of Pimis. 

 Oviposition occurs at about the time when the Xyela larval development is nearing completion, 

 which apparently just precedes the time the host pine sheds its pollen. The eggs of Idiogramma 

 hatch after the host has dropped to the ground and formed its earthen pupal cell. 



Revision: Cushman, 1937. Wash. Acad. Sci., Jour. 27: 438-444. —Townes and Townes, 1951. 

 Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 53: 308-313. 



Taxonomy: Perkins, 1940. Entomologist 73: 55. —Cushman, 1942. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 44: 

 54 (generic syn.). 



Biology: Burdick, 1961. Calif. Univ., Pubs. Ent. 17: 319-320. 



