Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 295 



Revision: Hedqvist, 1955. Ent. Tidskr. 76: 92-98 (Eur. spp.). — Capek, 1958. Acta Ent. Mus. 

 Natl. Pragae 32: 151-169 (Eur. spp.). 



Taxonomy: Tobias, 1966. Ent. Obozr. 45: 612-615. — Shenefelt, 1969. Hym. Cat., part 4, p. 



135-137 (cat. World spp.). —Loan and Matthews, 1973. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 205-208 



(key to No. Amer. spp.). 

 capeki Loan and Matthews. N. Y. Host: Pityophthonis rhois Swaine. 



Cosmophorus capeki Loan and Matthews, 1973. Ent. Soc. Wash., Proc. 75: 205. 9, d. 

 dendroctoni Viereck. N. B. Host: Dendroctonus simplex Lee. 



Cosmophorus (Cosmophorinus) dendroctoni Viereck, 1925. Canad. Ent. 57: 73. 6. 

 hopkinsii Ashmead. N. H., N. Y., W. Va. Host: Pityokteines sparsus (Lee), Pityophthonis sp., 

 P. balsameus Black., Polygraphus poligraphus (L.). 



Cos77iophorus hopkinsii Ashmead, 1896. Amer. Ent. Soc, Trans. 23: 216. 9,3. 

 hypothenemi Brues. Pa. Host: Hypothenemus sp. 



Cosmophorus hypothememi{l) Brues, 1908. Wis. Nat. Hist. Soc, Bui. 6: 162. 9. 

 pityophthori Rohwer. Colo., Idaho, Wash., Calif. Host: Pityophthonis nitididus (Mann.). 



Cosmophonis pityophthori Rohwer, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 163. 9, <J. 



Family APHIDIIDAE 



By Paul M. Marsh 



The family Aphidiidae is the only group in the parasitoid Hymenoptera (other than the chalcid 

 Aphelininae genera Aphelinus, Mesidia and Mesidiopsis) which has aphids as its primary hosts. 

 The family is closely related to the subfamily Euphorinae of the Braconidae and, until recently, 

 has been classified as a subfamily of the Braconidae. However, most workers in this group clas- 

 sify the Aphidiidae as a distinct family, and I have chosen to follow this arrangement. 



Two catalogs to the species of the World have recently been published: M. Mackauer and P. 

 Stary (1967. Index of Entomophagous Insects; Hym. Ichneumonoidea, World Aphidiidae. Le 

 Francois, Paris. 195 pp.), and M. Mackauer (1968. hi Ferriere and van der Vecht (ed.), Hymenop- 

 terorum Catalogus (nova editio), part 3, Aphidiidae. Junk, The Hague. 103 pp.). Except for a few 

 cases, I have followed the systematic arrangement of Mackauer (1968) in preparing the North 

 American catalog which follows. Both catalogs mentioned above contain a complete list of 

 references to taxonomy and biology and a complete list of aphid hosts for each species. In the 

 North American catalog below, I have listed only selected references, and the reader is referred 

 to the above pubUcations for further references. Also, only those aphid hosts which occur in 

 North America have been listed for each parasite species. 



Revision: Gahan, 1911. Md. Agr. Expt. Sta., Bui. 152: 147-200 (No. Amer. forms). —Smith, 

 1944. The Aphidiinae of North America. Ohio State Univ. Contr. Zool. Ent. No. 6, xii + 154 

 pp. (No. Amer. forms). 



Taxonomy: Stary, 1960. Acta Soc. Ent. Cech. 57: 238-252 (genera). —Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. 

 Ent. 11: 96-154 (review British Museum types). —Mackauer, 1961. Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 

 792-803 (subfamilies, tribes, genera). —Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 921-935 (review 

 Baker types). —Mackauer and Stary, 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 1-195 (cat. World 

 spp. and hosts). —Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 1-103 (cat. World spp. and hosts). 

 —Marsh, 1971. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 64: 848-849 (key to No. Amer. genera). 



Biology: Stary, 1966. Aphid Parasites of Czechoslovakia. Junk, The Hague. 242 pp. 

 (particularly chapters VI-XIV, pp. 96-222 for a general summary of aphid parasite 

 biology). 



Subfamily EPHEDRINAE 



All species of this subfamily are solitary endoparasites of adult and larval aphids. Pupation is 

 inside the mummified host aphid. The subfamily is cosmopolitan in distribution. 



Genus EPHEDRUS Haliday 



Aphidiiis subg. Ephedrus Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 261, 485. 

 Type-species: Bracon plagiator Nees. Monotypic. 



