Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 297 



persicae Froggatt. Nearly world-wide distribution. Host: Aphis craccivora Koch, A.fabae 

 Scop., A. gossypii Glover, A. pomi DeGeer, Brachycaudus cardui (L.), B. Iielichrysi 

 (Kalt.), Brevicoryne brassicae (L.), Capitophorus sp., Dysaphis crataegi (Kalt.), D. 

 plantaginea (Pass.), H yadaphis foeniculi (Pass.), Macrosiphnm euphorbiae (Thomas), 

 Myzus cerasi (F.), M. ligustri (Mosley), M. persicae (Sulzer), M. varians Dav., Phorodon 

 humuli (Schrank), Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), R. padi (L.), Toxoptera aiirantii 

 (Fonsc), Vesiculaphis caricis (Full). 



Ephedriis persicae Froggatt, 1904. Agr. Gaz. N. S. W. 15: 611. 9. 



Ephedrus nevadensis Baker, 1909. Pomona Jour. Ent. 1: 23. 9, 6. 



Ephednis nitidus Gahan, 1917. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 53: 195. 9. 



Ephedrus vidali Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 72. 9. 



Ephednis pulchellus Stelfox, 1941. Roy. Irish Acad. Sci., Proc. 46: 139. 9. 



Ephedrus interstitialis Watanabe, 1941. Insecta Matsumurana 15: 139. 9. 



Ephednis impressus Granger, 1949. Inst. Sci. Madagascar, Mem. (A) 2: 412. 9,6. 



Ephednis {Ephednis) holmani Stary, 1958. Acta Faun. Ent. Mus. Natl. Pragae 3: 68. 9, 6. 



Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1962. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 632-633. — Mackauer, 1963. Ztschr. f. Angew. 

 Ent. 52: 343-354. -Mackauer, 1963. Canad. Ent. 95: 924. 



Biology: Stary, 1962. Entomophaga 7: 91-100. —Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 1019-1021. 

 plagiator (Nees). Calif. ?, 111. ?; Palearctic. Liberated in Calif, and III. but not known to be 

 established. Introduced from Taiwan and Japan. Host: Macrosiphum rosae (L.), 

 Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch). 

 Bracon plagiator Nees, 1811. Gesell. Naturf. Freunde Berlin, Verh. 5: 17. 9, d. 

 Aphidius parcicomis Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 16. 9, cJ. 

 Ephednis japonicus Ashmead, 1906. U. S. Natl. Mus., Proc. 30: 187. 9, d. 



Biology: Jackson, et al., 1974. Environ. Ent. 3: 618-620. 



Genus TOXARES Haliday 



Aphidius subg. Trionyx Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 261, 487. Preocc. by Geoffroy (1809) 



and Oken (1816). 



Type-species: Aphidius (Trionyx) deltiger Haliday. Monotypic. 

 Toxares Haliday, 1840. In Westwood, Intro. Mod. Class. Ins., vol. 2, Generic synopsis, p. 65. 



New name for Trionyx Haliday. 

 Teronyx Haldeman, 1842. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., Proc. 1: 191. New name for Trionyx 



Haliday. 



A Holarctic genus composed of two species, only one of which is found in North America. The 

 host range is not clearly defined but it is possibly restricted to the subfamily Aphidinae. 



deltiger (Haliday). Canada. Host: Acyrthosiphon caraganae (Cholod.), Dysaphis plantaginea 

 (Pass.), Myzus certus (Wlkr.), M. persicae (Sulzer). 

 Aphidius (Trionyx) deltiger Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 487. 9, 6. 

 Ephednis flaveolus Gyorfi, 1958. Acta Zool. Hung. 4: 131. 6. 



Subfamily PRAINAE 



Genus PRAON Haliday 



Aphidius subg. Praon Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 261, 483. 



Type-species: Bracon exoletus Nees. Monotypic. 

 Bracon subg. Achoristus Ratzeburg, 1852. Ichn. d. Forstins., v. 3, p. 31. 



Type-species: Bracon (Achoristus) aphidiiformis Ratzeburg. Monotypic. 

 Aphidaria Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 152. 



Type-species: Aphidaria simulans Provancher. Monotypic. 



Species in this genus are solitary endoparasites of larval and adult aphids. Pupation is in a 

 separate cocoon underneath the dead host aphid. The genus occurs in the Holarctic and Oriental 

 Regions. 



