Superfamily ICHNEUMONOIDEA 311 



Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1960. Beitr. z. Ent. 10: 137-160. — Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 

 225-231. -Mackauer, 1968. Hym. Cat., part 3, pp. 68-78 (cat. World spp.). 



Biology: Schlinger and Hall, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 34-45. —Mackauer and Stary, 

 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, pp. 94-101 (host list). 



Morphology: Schlinger and Hall, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 34-45 (egg, larvae, adult). 

 — Eastop, 1966. Roy. Ent. Soc. London, Proc. (A) 41: 42-44 (mouthparts). 



americeris Smith. Eastern Canada, Md., Fla., Ohio, Tenn., Mo. Host: Drepanaphis acerifoliae 

 (Thomas), D. mo7ielli (Davis). 

 Trioxys (Trioxys) americeris Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 87. 9, 6. 

 betulae Marshall. N. B., N. H., Que., Ont.; Palearctic. Host: Calaphis sp., C. betulaecoleus 

 (Fitch), Symydobius oblongus (von Heyden). 

 Trioxys betulae Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 553. 9. 



Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1965. Canad. Ent. 97: 226-227. 

 bonnevillensis Smith. Idaho, Utah. Host: Pleotrichophonis bitrichus (K. and S.), P. 

 glandulosits (Kalt.), P. oestlundi (Knowl.), P. pseudoglandulostis (Palmer), 

 Pseudoepameibaphis glauca G. and P. 

 Trioxys (Trioxys) bonnevillensis Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 88. 9, 6. 

 complanatus Quilis. Canada, Ky., Wis., Minn., Iowa, Ark., Nebr., N. Mex., Utah, Ariz., Nev., 

 Calif.; Mex., Europe, Middle East. Introduced from Southern Europe and Middle East. 

 Host: Therioaphis riehmi (Bomer), T. trifolii (Monell). 

 Trioxys complanatus Quilis, 1931. Eos 7: 78. 9, d. 

 Trioxys utilis Muesebeck, 1956. Brooklyn Ent. Soc, Bui. 51: 26. 9, (?. 



Taxonomy: Mackauer, 1959. Beitr. z. Ent. 9: 167-170 (pallidus group). —Mackauer, 1961. 

 Beitr. z. Ent. 11: 147 (as pallidus Haliday). —Mackauer, 1962. Beitr. z. Ent. 12: 653 

 (synonymy). —Mackauer, 1967. Entomophaga 12: 144 (key to pallidus group). 



Biology: van den Bosch, ei al., 1957. Jour. Econ. Ent. 50: 352-356. —van den Bosch, et ai, 

 1959. Jour. Econ. Ent. 52: 136-154. —Finney, et ai, 1960. Jour. Econ. Ent. 53: 655-659. 

 —Schlinger and Hall, 1961. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 54: 34-45. —Hall, et ai, 1962. Ent. Soc. 

 Amer., Ann. 55: 566-568. —van den Bosch, et ai, 1964. Ecology 45: 602-621. —Force and 

 Messenger, 1964. Ent. Soc. Amer., Ann. 57: 405-413. —Force and Messenger, 1964. Ecology 

 45: 706-715. —Force and Messenger, 1965. Ecology 46; 853-859. Most references are to 

 utilis Muesebeck. 

 exareolatus (Viereck). Conn. Host: Macrosiphum rosae (L.). 



Aphidins {Trioxys) exareolatus Viereck, 1917 (1916). Conn. State Geol. and Nat. Hist. 

 Survey, Bui. 22: 260. 9 . 

 gahani Smith. N. J. Morphologically simDar Trioxys species known from Europe suggest the 

 host range of gahani to be restricted to the genus Chaetosiphon (Mackauer and Stary, 

 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 98). 

 Trioxys (Trioxys) gahani Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 92. 9, 6. 

 ibis Mackauer. N. B.; Europe. Host: Betulaphis quadrituberculata (Kalt.). 



Trioxys (Pectoxys) ibis Mackauer, 1961. Portici Lab. Ent. Agr., Bol. 19: 288. 9. 

 infrequens Smith. Western Canada, Colo. Morphologically similar species of Trioxys are 

 parasitic on the genus Titanosiphon Nevsky or related aphids (Mackauer and Stary, 

 1967. Index World Aphidiidae, p. 99). 

 Trioxys (Trioxys) iyifrequens Smith, 1944. Aphidiinae of North America, p. 93. 9 . 



ovalis (Provancher). Ont. 



Nevropenes ovalis Provancher, 1886. Addit. Corr. Faune Ent. Canada Hym., p. 153. 



Holotype lost, exact placement uncertain. 

 pallidus (Haliday). Oreg., Calif.; Palearctic. Introduced into Calif, from France. Host: 



Chromaphis juglandicola (Kalt.), Eucallipterus tiliae (L.), Myzocallis coryli (Goeze), 



Tuberculoides annulatus (Hartig). 

 Aphidius (Trioxys) pallidus Haliday, 1833. Ent. Mag. 1: 489. 9. 

 Aphidius resolutus Nees, 1834. Hym. Ichn. Aff. Monog., v. 1, p. 24. 9. 

 Aphidius callipteri Marshall, 1896. In Andre, Spec. Hym. Eur. Alg., v. 5, p. 609. 6. 

 Trioxys pidcher Gautier and Bonnamour, 1924. Soc. Ent. de France, Bui. 1924: 43. 9. 



